gdy

== Lower Sorbian == === Alternative forms === dy === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъdy. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈdɨ/ Rhymes: -ɨ Syllabification: gdy === Adverb === gdy when Synonym: ga === Further reading === Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “gdy”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008 Starosta, Manfred (1999), “gdy”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag == Old Polish == === Alternative forms === kdy === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъdy. First attested in the 14th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɡdi/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɡdi/ === Conjunction === gdy (attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a temporal clause; when (attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) as soon as (attested in Lesser Poland) although, even though (attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) introduces a real conditional clause if (attested in Lesser Poland) introduces an unreal conditional clause if (attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) introduces a causal clause; because (attested in Greater Poland) introduces a clause relating to the previous; as; how (attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a subordinate clause; that (attested in Masovia) connects clauses; that === Pronoun === gdy (interrogative, attested in Lesser Poland) when? (indefinite) whenever (relative) when ==== Descendants ==== Polish: gdy, kdy (Middle Polish, Kuyavia), hdy (Middle Polish) Silesian: gdy, dy === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “gdy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “gdy”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “gdy”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “gdy, kdy”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Polish == === Alternative forms === kdy (Middle Polish, Kuyavia) hdy (Middle Polish) === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish gdy. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɘ Syllabification: gdy === Conjunction === gdy (relative) when, as Synonyms: jak, kiedy, podczas gdy, skoro, w miarę Przyjdę gdy będę gotowy. ― I will come when I'm ready. (conditional) if Synonyms: jak, jeśli, jeżeli, kiedy (literary, contrastive) whereas Near-synonym: podczas gdy (Middle Polish) when; Further details are uncertain. ==== Derived terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), gdy is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 122 times in scientific texts, 20 times in news, 74 times in essays, 132 times in fiction, and 41 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 389 times, making it the 125th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === gdy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN gdy in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “gdy”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “GDY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18 April 2012 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “gdy”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “gdy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “gdy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 814 Oskar Kolberg (1867), “gdy”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 271 == Silesian == === Alternative forms === dy === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish gdy. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡdɪ/ Rhymes: -ɪ Syllabification: gdy === Conjunction === gdy (relative) when, as Synonyms: kedy, kej (conditional) if Synonyms: jeźli, jak === Further reading === gdy in silling.org