ban

== Translingual == === Etymology === Abbreviation of English Balinese. === Symbol === ban (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Balinese. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Balinese terms == English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ˈbæn/ (US, Canada, æ-raising) IPA(key): [ˈbɛən], [ˈbeən] (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈbæːn/ Rhymes: -æn Hyphenation: ban === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon. ==== Verb ==== ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned) (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation. Synonyms: forbid, prohibit, disallow Antonyms: allow, permit (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban. (transitive) To curse; to execrate. c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon: (ambitransitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions. ===== Derived terms ===== ban overtime forban shadowban ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== ban (plural bans) A prohibition. A public proclamation or edict; also, a summons by public proclamation, and in early use especially a summons to arms. The gathering of the (French) king’s vassals for war; the whole body of vassals assembled this way, or liable to be summoned; originally the same as arriere-ban, but distinct since the 16th century, following French usage—see arriere-ban. 1591, published 1847, Henry Unton, Correspondence of Sir Henry Unton, knt., Ambassador from Queen Elizabeth to Henry IV. King of France, in the years MDXCI. and MDXCII., page 54: […] he hath sente abroade to assemble his van and arriere van; wherby, and with the reste of his forces, he prepareth him selfe to enter this countrey; […] (obsolete) A curse or anathema. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== See also ==== banns === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân. ==== Noun ==== ban (plural bani) A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing. ==== Noun ==== ban (plural bans) A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit. ===== Synonyms ===== dit, hartley ===== Derived terms ===== deciban ===== See also ===== bit, nat, qubit === Etymology 4 === From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more. ==== Noun ==== ban (plural bans) A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century. ===== Related terms ===== banat, banate, Banat ===== Translations ===== === Anagrams === -nab, -nab-, ABN, BNA, NAB, NBA, nab, nab- == Achang == === Etymology === From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *Par (“bloom, flower”). === Pronunciation === (Myanmar) /ban˧/ (Xiandao) [pan⁵⁵] === Noun === ban flower === Further reading === Inglis, Douglas; Sampu, Nasaw; Jaseng, Wilai; Jana, Thocha (2005), A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon‎[6], Payap University, page 10 == Bambara == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [bã˦] === Verb === ban to finish === References === 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics. == Catalan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈban] === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== ban m (plural bans) ban (a public proclamation or edict) ===== Derived terms ===== bandejar === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== ban m (plural bans) ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century) ===== Derived terms ===== banat === Further reading === “ban”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “ban”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “ban” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. “ban” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962. == Chibcha == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /βan/ === Noun === ban shame, sorrow, outrage === References === Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013. Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica. Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico Gramática de Lugo. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013. == Chinese == === Alternative forms === band === Etymology === From English ban. === Pronunciation === === Verb === ban (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) to ban (Hong Kong Cantonese) to reject (ideas, proposals, suggestions, etc.) ban橋／ban桥 [Cantonese] ― ben1 kiu4-2 [Jyutping] ― to reject an idea ==== Synonyms ==== (to ban): bam (to reject): foul ==== Derived terms ==== == Dutch == === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch ban, ultimately from the root of the verb bannen (“to drive off, expel”), which see. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bɑn/ Hyphenation: ban Rhymes: -ɑn ==== Noun ==== ban m (plural bannen, no diminutive) excommunication, denunciation, shunning anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated magic spell (historical) legal or feudal domain (historical) public declaration (archaic) exile ===== Derived terms ===== balling banneling huwelijksban ===== Related terms ===== banaal === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English ban. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bɛn/ Hyphenation: ban Rhymes: -ɛn Homophone: ben ==== Noun ==== ban m (plural bans, no diminutive) a revocation of permission to access or participate Synonym: toegangsverbod ===== Usage notes ===== Mostly common within internet communities. === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bɑn/ ==== Verb ==== ban inflection of bannen: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative === Etymology 4 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /bɛn/ ==== Verb ==== ban inflection of bannen: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɑ̃/ Homophones: banc, bancs, bans === Etymology 1 === From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban, related to *bannan. ==== Noun ==== ban m (plural bans) (dated) public declaration (dated) announcement of a marriage; banns (East of France, Belgium) territory ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban. ==== Noun ==== ban m (plural bans) ban (nobleman) === Further reading === “ban”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 Nelly Andrieux-Reix (1989), Ancien français : Fiches de vocabulaire, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, →ISBN, page 22 == Ghomara == === Etymology === Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بان (bān), from Arabic بَانَ (bāna). === Pronunciation === (Iɛraben) IPA(key): [bɛn] === Verb === ban (intransitive) to appear, to seem Synonym: ḍher === References === Mourigh, Khalid (2015) A Grammar of Ghomara Berber (Thesis)‎[7], Leiden == Gullah == === Etymology === From Wolof ban ("to be finished"). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɑn/ === Phrase === ban It is done! === References === Lorenzo Dow Turner, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (1969) == Haitian Creole == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bã/ === Verb === ban give ==== Synonyms ==== ba bay === References === Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎[8], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 20 == Hokkien == == Iberian == === Etymology === Often compared to Basque bat and Proto-Basque *bade (“one, some”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ban] === Numeral === ban one === Further reading === Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language == Indonesian == === Etymology 1 === From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant. The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band. ==== Alternative forms ==== band (1901–1947, colloquial) ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈban/ [ˈban] Rhymes: -an IPA(key): (especially of sense 5) /ˈbɛn/ [ˈben] Rhymes: -ɛn Syllabification: ban ==== Noun ==== ban (plural ban-ban) tyre, tire Synonym: tayar (Standard Malay) tape Synonym: pita belt Synonyms: ikat pinggang, sabuk band worn on arm/hat (physics) band (a part of the electromagnetic spectrum) Synonym: pita band (group of musicians) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈban/ [ˈban] Rhymes: -an Syllabification: ban ==== Noun ==== ban (plural ban-ban) (uncommon) road, way, path Synonyms: jalan, jalur (uncommon) a track, lane Synonym: lintasan (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games) === Etymology 3 === From English ban. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈbɛn/ [ˈben] Rhymes: -ɛn Syllabification: ban ==== Noun ==== ban (Internet slang) a ban Synonyms: blok, cekal ==== Verb ==== ban (Internet slang) to ban Synonyms: blokir, cekal === Further reading === “ban”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bˠan̪ˠ/, /bˠanˠ/ === Noun === ban f pl genitive plural of bean === Mutation === === References === == Japanese == === Romanization === ban Rōmaji transcription of ばん Rōmaji transcription of バン == Kashubian == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Bahn. Compare Greater Polish bana and Silesian bana. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈban/ Rhymes: -an Syllabification: ban === Noun === ban m inan train (mechanical (traditionally steam-powered, now typically diesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers and freight along a designated track or path; a line of connected wagons considered overall as a mode of transport) Synonyms: cuch, pòcąg headhouse, station building (portion of a passenger railway terminal not housing the tracks and platforms, comprising ticket counters, baggage facilities, etc.) Synonyms: banof, banowiszcze ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === Sychta, Bernard (1976), “ban”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volume 7 (Suplement), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 6 Jan Trepczyk (1994), “dworzec”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2 Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “pociąg”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[9] “ban”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022 == Maguindanao == === Noun === ban sneeze == Mandarin == === Romanization === ban nonstandard spelling of bān nonstandard spelling of bǎn nonstandard spelling of bàn ==== Usage notes ==== Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone. == Mapudungun == === Noun === ban (Raguileo spelling) death === Verb === ban (Raguileo spelling) To die. first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died. ==== Conjugation ==== === References === Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008. == Maranao == === Verb === ban to sneeze == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== ban alternative form of bane === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== ban (Early Middle English) alternative form of bon == North Frisian == === Verb === ban first-person singular present of weese == Northern Kurdish == === Etymology === Related to Persian بام (bâm). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɑːn/ === Noun === ban ? roof == Norwegian Bokmål == === Verb === ban imperative of bane (Etymology 3) == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. === Noun === ban n (dialectal) alternative form of barn (“child”) == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɑːn/ Rhymes: -ɑːn === Noun === bān n (nominative plural bān) bone ivory ==== Declension ==== Strong a-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: bon, ban, bane, bone, boonEnglish: boneGeordie: byenScots: bane, bain, bean, beenYola: bane == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈban/ === Noun === ban genitive dual/plural of ben === Verb === ban first-person plural imperative of is ==== Alternative forms ==== baán === Mutation === == O'odham == === Etymology === From Proto-Tepiman *banai (“coyote”), from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kwana (“coyote”). Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan and Northern Tepehuan bánai. === Noun === ban (plural ba꞉ban) coyote, prairie wolf (Canis latrans) (figurative, derogatory) flatterer, one who curries favour ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Mathiot, Madeleine (2013), Tohono 'O'odham–English Dictionary‎[10], volume I, archived from the original on 22 November 2019, pages 15–6 Saxton, Dean; Saxton, Lucille; Enos, Susie (1983), “ban”, in Dictionary: Tohono Oʼodham/Pima to English, English to Tohono Oʼodham/Pima, 2nd edition, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, published 1998, →ISBN, pages 5–6 == Palula == === Etymology === Borrowed from Urdu بَنْد (band). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ban/ === Adjective === ban (indeclinable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن) closed ban thíi ― to close, stop, block or ban (something) blocked, stopped ==== Alternative forms ==== band === References === Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “ban”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN == Papiamentu == === Etymology === From Portuguese vambora. === Interjection === ban let’s go == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈban/ Rhymes: -an Syllabification: ban === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Romanian ban. ==== Noun ==== ban m animal ban (subdivision of currency) === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English ban, from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). ==== Noun ==== ban m animal (Internet) ban ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Late Proto-Slavic *banъ, from Turkic. ==== Noun ==== ban m pers ban (title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century) ===== Declension ===== === Further reading === ban in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN == Portuguese == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English ban. === Pronunciation === === Noun === ban (Internet slang) ban (block from interacting in an internet community) ==== See also ==== banimento == Romanian == === Alternative forms === бан (ban) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling === Etymology === Unknown: Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate. Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ban/ Rhymes: -an === Noun === ban m (plural bani) money; coin ban (unit of currency, one hundredth of a leu) ==== Usage notes ==== Usually used in the plural form, bani ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== bancnotă (“paper money, bank note”) monedă === References === == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bâːn/ Rhymes: -âːn === Noun === bȃn m anim (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н) ban (title) ==== Declension ==== == Tagalog == === Etymology === Borrowed from Hokkien 盤 / 盘 (pôaⁿ, “tray, plate, dish”). === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈban/ [ˈban̪] Rhymes: -an Syllabification: ban === Noun === ban (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔) (rare) wheel Synonyms: gulong, ruweda == Tarifit == === Etymology === Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بان (bān). === Pronunciation === === Verb === ban (Tifinagh spelling ⴱⴰⵏ) (intransitive) to appear, to emerge ==== Conjugation ==== This verb needs an inflection-table template. ==== Related terms ==== biyyen (“to show”) lbiyyina (“evidence”) == Tày == === Etymology === Cognate with Lao ບານ (bān), Thai บาน (baan). === Pronunciation === (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [ɓaːn˧˥] (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [ɓaːn˦] === Adjective === ban (班) well-developed; husky slao ban ― busty girl bâư ban ― leaf reaching the bánh tẻ stage ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Lương Bèn (2011), Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[12][13] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên == Turkish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈban/ Hyphenation: ban === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from English ban. ==== Noun ==== ban (definite accusative banı, plural banlar) (Internet) ban ban yemek ― to get banned ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н. ==== Noun ==== ban (definite accusative banı, plural banlar) (historical) ban (title) ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== ban second-person singular imperative of banmak === Further reading === “ban”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “ban”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ban”, in Nişanyan Sözlük == Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˧˧] === Etymology 1 === Sino-Vietnamese word from 班. ==== Noun ==== ban (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders) group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee shift; work period (only in compounds) time period; section of the day Synonym: buổi ban trưa ― noon (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== (classifier cây, hoa) ban orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata) === Etymology 3 === Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑. ==== Noun ==== ban (medicine) rash ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 4 === Borrowed from French balle. Related to banh; see there for more details. ==== Noun ==== ban (Central Vietnam) ball made from rubber === Etymology 5 === ==== Noun ==== ban (colloquial) alternative form of pan === Etymology 6 === Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒. ==== Verb ==== ban (archaic) to confer on; to bestow (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim ===== Derived terms ===== == Volapük == === Etymology === Borrowed from French bain. === Noun === ban (genitive bana, plural bans) bath ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== banön == Welsh == === Etymology === From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ban/ Rhymes: -an === Noun === ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd) peak, summit point, principle Synonyms: pwnc, testun ==== Derived terms ==== Pen y Fan Bannau Brycheiniog (“Brecon Beacons”) === Mutation === === Further reading === R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies == Yagara == === Adjective === ban dirty nasty very angry === References === State Library of Queensland, ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF THE GREATER BRISBANE AREA, 16 March 2015. == Zazaki == === Noun === ban dome, cupola room == Zou == === Etymology === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ɓaan. Cognate with Mizo báan. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [bāːn] Hyphenation: ban === Noun === bân arm ell (traditional unit of measure from the chest to the elbow) === References === Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 19; 38 Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41