bane

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /beɪn/ Rhymes: -eɪn === Etymology 1 === The noun is derived from Middle English bane (“person or thing that destroys life, murderer, slayer; person who destroys the soul; destruction of life, death, doom; poison”), from Old English bana (“person or thing that causes death, murderer”), from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô (“killer, murderer, slayer; death, bane”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to slay, kill; to strike”). The verb is derived from the noun. ==== Noun ==== bane (countable and uncountable, plural banes) (countable) A cause of misery or ruin. Synonyms: blight, affliction, curse, undoing, downfall Antonym: boon (countable, archaic) Chiefly in the names of poisonous plants or substances: a poison. (uncountable, chiefly poetic) Misery, woe; also, doom, ruin; or physical injury, harm. (uncountable, UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) A disease of sheep in which breakdown of tissue occurs; rot. (obsolete) (countable) A person or thing that causes death or destruction; a killer, a murderer, a slayer. (uncountable) Death; destruction; (countable) an instance of this. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== bane (third-person singular simple present banes, present participle baning, simple past and past participle baned) (transitive) (archaic) To physically injure (someone or something); to harm, to hurt. (figurative) To cause (someone) misery or ruin; to socially or spiritually injure (someone). (UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) To cause (sheep) a disease, especially the rot (“a disease in which breakdown of tissue occurs”). (obsolete) To kill (a person or animal), especially by poison. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Northern Middle English ban, from bon (“bone”), from Old English bān, from Proto-West Germanic *bain (“bone; leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone; leg”), from *bainaz (“straight”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow, shine”) (in the sense of a straight beam of light), or *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike”) (in the sense of an object for striking), or *bʰeyH-n- (“pole; straight line”). ==== Noun ==== bane (plural banes) (chiefly Scotland) Alternative spelling of bone. === References === === Further reading === bane (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Joseph Wright, editor (1898), “BANE, sb. and v.”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volume I (A–C), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 151, column 1. “bane” in Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 7th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1963 (1967 printing), →OCLC. “bane, n.1”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC. “bane”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === Bean, Bena, bean, nabe == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈbæːnə] === Etymology 1 === From Old Danish banæ, from Old Norse bani. ==== Noun ==== bane c (indeclinable) (archaic or poetic) bane, person/thing/event that kills someone or something ===== Derived terms ===== banemand banesår === Etymology 2 === From Middle Low German bane, from Old Saxon *bana, from Proto-West Germanic *banu, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *banō. ==== Noun ==== bane c (singular definite banen, plural indefinite baner) track Coordinate terms: vej, vejbane, vognbane trajectory Coordinate terms: kurs, rute, vej, løb, forløb (figurative) lifepath Synonym: livsbane railway Synonym: jernbane ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 3 === From Middle Low German bahnen. ==== Verb ==== bane (imperative ban, infinitive at bane, present tense baner, past tense banede, perfect tense banet) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. ==== Fixed Expressions ==== (reflexive) bane sig vej (“to move persistently with difficulty or force”) bane vej or bane vejen (“to pave the way”) ===== Conjugation ===== === References === “bane” in Den Danske Ordbog “bane” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == Dutch == === Pronunciation === === Verb === bane (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of banen == Galician == === Verb === bane inflection of banir: third-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative == Japanese == === Romanization === bane Rōmaji transcription of ばね == Latin == === Noun === bane vocative singular of banus == Manx == === Etymology === From Old Irish bán, from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”). === Adjective === bane (plural baney, comparative baney) white, blank, pallid Er cabbyl bane va mee. ― My mount was a white horse. Haink daah bane yn aggle er. ― He blanched with fear. fair, blonde Shen Illiam Bane. ― That's fair-haired William. fallow Faag y magher bane. ― Leave the field lea. ==== Inflection ==== Alternative comparative form: banee ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === === Mutation === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bane”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Middle Dutch == === Etymology 1 === From Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-West Germanic *banu, from Proto-Germanic *banō. ==== Noun ==== bāne f open field, battlefield lane, track (for playing balls) road, way, path ===== Inflection ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== bāen ===== Descendants ===== Dutch: baanAfrikaans: baan→ Indonesian: ban Limburgish: baan === Etymology 2 === From Old Dutch *bano, from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô. ==== Noun ==== bāne f or m harm, pain ===== Inflection ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== bāen === Further reading === Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “bane (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “bane (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old English bana, from Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô. ==== Alternative forms ==== ban, bayn, beone bone (West Midland) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈbaːn(ə)/ IPA(key): /ˈbɔ̞ːn(ə)/ (West Midland) ==== Noun ==== bane (plural banes) murderer, slayer bane, destroyer ===== Descendants ===== English: bane Middle Scots: bane, baine, bain, bayn, bone ==== References ==== “bāne, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== bane alternative form of bon (“bone”) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German bane, compare with German Bahn. ==== Noun ==== bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural baner, definite plural banene) a trajectory a railway line a sports field a racing track orbit (of a satellite, including the moon) ===== Synonyms ===== (orbit): omløpsbane ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse bani. ==== Noun ==== bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural baner, definite plural banene) death (by murder) === Etymology 3 === From Middle Low German bane, compare with German bahnen. ==== Verb ==== bane (imperative ban, present tense baner, passive banes, simple past bana or banet or bante, past participle bana or banet or bant, present participle banende) to pave, as in bane vei for - pave the way for === References === “bane” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === From Middle Low German bane, compare with German Bahn. ==== Noun ==== bane m or f (definite singular banen or bana, indefinite plural banar or baner, definite plural banane or banene) a trajectory a railway line a sports field a racing track orbit (of a satellite, including the moon) ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse bani. ==== Noun ==== bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural banar, definite plural banane) death (by murder) === Etymology 3 === From Middle Low German bane. ==== Alternative forms ==== bana ==== Verb ==== bane (present tense banar, past tense bana, past participle bana, passive infinitive banast, present participle banande, imperative bane/ban) to pave, as in bane veg for - pave the way for === References === “bane” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Noun === bāne dative singular of bān == Old Frisian == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō. Cognates include Old English bēan, Old Saxon bōna and Old Dutch *bōna. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbaːne/ === Noun === bāne f bean ==== Descendants ==== North Frisian: Föhr-Amrum: buan Sylt: Buan Saterland Frisian: Boone West Frisian: bean, beane, beanne ==== References ==== Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN == Portuguese == === Verb === bane inflection of banir: third-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative == Scots == === Etymology === From Northern Middle English bane, from Old English bān, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ben] (Doric Scots) IPA(key): [bin], [bein] === Noun === bane (plural banes) (anatomy) bone, limb ==== Derived terms ==== == Swedish == === Etymology === As a simplex noun a borrowing from Old Swedish bani, from Old Norse bani, from Proto-Germanic *banô, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰon-on-, from the o-grade of *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Cognate to English bane, Icelandic bani. The word can be regarded as a reborrowing from Old Swedish mediaeval literature. It is not attested in writing in the 16th and 17th centuries, but was reinforced due to its usage in the mediaeval Swedish country laws, which were in use until the 18th century. During the 17th century its usage is usually accompanied by a definition explaining the meaning. It was revived in the late 17th century due to the resurging interest in the middle ages and the Icelandic sagas, cf. other Icelandic loans from the same era, e.g. idrott, skald, dyrd. Already in SAOB (1899) it is regarded as archaic or literary and mostly used in a few set phrases. The word survived in the compound baneman (“slayer, murderer”), which is attested from the 16th and 17th centuries, and dialectally in the southern Swedish word hönsbane (“henbane, Hyoscyamus niger”), in standard Swedish bolmört. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /²bɑːnɛ/ === Noun === bane c (indeclinable) (archaic) cause of someone’s (violent) death; bane ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “bane”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “bane”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === bena == Yola == === Etymology === From Middle English bane, from Old English bān, from Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /baːn/ === Noun === bane bone === References === Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 24