utrzeć

== Old Polish == === Etymology === From u- +‎ trzeć. First attested in the middle of the 15th century. Compare Old Czech utřieti. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /utr̝ɛːt͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /utr̝et͡ɕʲ/ === Verb === utrzeć pf (imperfective ucirać) (attested in Lesser Poland) to rub off (to remove by rubbing) (reflexive with się) to perfect by training [with w (+ locative) ‘what’] ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: utrzeć Silesian: utrzić === References === B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “utrzeć”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Polish == === Alternative forms === utrzyć (Middle Polish) === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish utrzeć. By surface analysis, u- +‎ trzeć. Compare Czech utřít, Kashubian ùtrzéc, and Russian утере́ть (uterétʹ). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -utʂɛt͡ɕ Syllabification: u‧trzeć === Verb === utrzeć pf (imperfective ucierać) (transitive) to grate apart, to shred apart (to break up by grating on a grater) [with na (+ locative) ‘on what’] (transitive) to crack; to cream; to whip (to crush or mix together by rubbing against the edges of the dish) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what’], [with na (+ accusative) ‘into what’] (transitive, archaic) to wipe off (to remove dirt, moisture, etc. from something by rubbing it with a rag or handkerchief) (transitive, obsolete) to rub even (to smooth out by rubbing) (transitive, obsolete) to lay out; to discuss (reflexive with się) to spread; to popularize (to be practiced, be accepted and be widely used by the public) [with infinitive ‘what verb’] (reflexive with się) to be grated apart, to be shredded apart ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === utrzeć in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN utrzeć in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “utrzeć”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “utrzeć się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “UTRZEĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 27.02.2019 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “utrzeć”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “utrzeć”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “utrzeć”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 404