utrzymywać

== Polish == === Etymology === From utrzymać +‎ -ywać. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /u.tʂɘˈmɘ.vat͡ɕ/ Rhymes: -ɘvat͡ɕ Syllabification: u‧trzy‧my‧wać === Verb === utrzymywać impf (perfective utrzymać) (transitive) to hold up (to not let something out or change position) (transitive) to hold up (to not break under the weight of something) Synonym: podtrzymywać (transitive) to keep, to maintain (to not lose something that is a natural or desirable state; to keep control over) utrzymywać równowagę ― to keep balance (transitive) to keep (to cause someone or something to continue to be in a particular state) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’; or with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’] (transitive) to keep (to cause someone not to leave a place or a person) (transitive) to keep, to maintain (to not be forced to leave a place by fighting) (transitive) to maintain (to cover the costs of living of someone or the functioning of something) (transitive) to maintain (to give something certain appearance or style) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’] (transitive) to maintain (to keep something in good condition by using or taking care of it) (transitive) to keep up with (to keep in touch with someone) (intransitive, imperfective only, literary) to maintain (to claim something about something despite contradictory circumstances) (reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain in the same position or place despite external forces) (reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to maintain a held e.g. political position despite external forces) Synonym: obstawać (reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain unchanged for a long time) (reflexive with się) to live off (to provide oneself with the money one needs to cover housing, food and other living expenses) [with z (+ genitive) ‘off who/what’] (reflexive with się) to maintain (to not give up while fighting) (reflexive with się, obsolete) to control oneself, to restrain oneself Synonyms: powstrzymywać się, powściągać się ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === utrzymywać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN utrzymywać się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN utrzymywać in Polish dictionaries at PWN