traho

== Latin == === Alternative forms === traō (11th century) tragō (Early Medieval Latin) === Etymology === Unclear. The root-final -h- can be inferred to go back to pre-Latin *x~ɣ, which normally corresponds to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰ or *gʰ (compare veho, from Proto-Italic *weɣō, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-). Its relationship (if any) to Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to drag, draw”) is debated. Since Latin initial t- and Germanic initial *d- is not normally a regular correspondence, some consider it impossible for both to be inherited from a common Proto-Indo-European root (though De Vaan thinks they could be related as loans from some common non-Indo-European source). Others derive both from a Proto-Indo-European or post-PIE root *dʰragʰ-, with the Latin form showing dissimilation to *dragʰ- (a controversial sound change for Latin: Weiss argues that the liquid after the first stop was an essential condition for this "Limited Latin Grassmann's Law"), followed by devoicing of dr to tr (a more generally accepted sound change). Schrijver argues that the presence of -ā- in the perfect stem and in some related forms such as trāgula is a sure sign of an original laryngeal in the root, and proposes *dʰr(e)Hgʰ- as a possible form. De Vaan reconstructs a non-Indo-European (substrate) root *trHgʰ- or *trā̆gʰ-, borrowed into Italic and Celtic, as a potential source of both Latin trahō and Old Irish tethraig (“ran away, receded”), Welsh traul (“trouble, weakness; cost, expense”) < Proto-Celtic *trāglo-. Other possible cognates include Proto-Celtic *tregess (“foot”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan, “to run”), Proto-Slavic *tragъ, but semantically problematic. Latin tergus (“back, rear”)/Latin tergum, Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō), Proto-Germanic *trekaną (“to push, drag, scratch”), *trudaną (“to tread, to step on”) === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈtra.(ɦ)oː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈtraː.o] === Verb === trahō (present infinitive trahere, perfect active trāxī, supine tractum); third conjugation to drag, pull Synonyms: efferō, portō, ferō, gerō, vehō, addūcō to trail to extract, withdraw, derive, take away to plunder, squander Synonyms: dēpraedor, praedor, dīripiō, populor, expugnō, agō to draw out, extend, lengthen, prolong Synonyms: extendō, distendō, pandō, prōlongō, porrigō, prōferō, explicō, prōtrahō (of time) to protract, drag out, linger Synonyms: retardō, moror, cū̆nctor, tardō, prōtrahō, dubitō, extrahō, differō Antonyms: ruō, accurrō, currō, festīnō, prōvolō, properō, corripiō, affluō, mātūrō to weigh, ponder, consider Synonyms: cōnsīderō, dubitō, ponderō, pendō, perpendō, dēlīberō, circumspiciō, cōnsultō, putō, reputō, videō (figuratively) to attract, draw (someone; their attention) (by extension) to attract the support of, sway, win over Synonyms: persuādeō, convincō, perpellō, flectō, admoneō ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== trāgula trāgum trāma ==== Descendants ==== === References === === Further reading === “traho”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “traho”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “traho”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.