obrona

== Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna. First attested in 1449. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɔbrɔna/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɔbrɔna/ === Noun === obrona f defence (act of defending) (attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: (attested in Greater Poland) patron saint's care over a church (figuratively) defender (attested in Greater Poland) possession, management (attested in Greater Poland) right to possession or management corruption of brona (“gate”) ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: obrona Silesian: ôbrōna === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “obrona”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “obrona”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego Mańczak, Witold (2017), “obrona”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “obrona”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “obrona”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “obrona”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ɔna Syllabification: o‧bro‧na === Noun === obrona f defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’] (figuratively) defence (person defending) Synonym: obrońca (figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends) (obsolete) care; protection Synonym: opieka (Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body) defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’] defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’] (obsolete) excuse Synonym: wymówka (law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court) defence (person presenting such evidence) Synonyms: adwokat, mecenas, obrońca Coordinate terms: oskarżyciel, prokurator (sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring) Synonym: defensywa Coordinate terms: atak, ofensywa defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring) Synonym: defensywa Coordinate terms: atak, ofensywa (sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions) (education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title) (boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit) (chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces) (mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence) (obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence) (Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), obrona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 12 times in scientific texts, 50 times in news, 13 times in essays, 11 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 91 times, making it the 703rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === obrona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN obrona in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “obrona”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] “OBRONA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22.09.2008 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “obrona”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “obrona”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “obrona”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 507