ham

== Translingual == === Symbol === ham (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Hewa. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Hewa terms == English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle English hamme, from Old English hamm (“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), from Proto-West Germanic *hammu, from Proto-Germanic *hamō, *hammō, *hanmō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). Cognate with Dutch ham (“ham”), dialectal German Hamme (“hind part of the knee, ham”), dialectal Swedish ham (“the hind part of the knee”), Icelandic höm (“the ham or haunch of a horse”), Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “shinbone”). Compare gammon and gam. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈhæm/, [ˈhæm] ~ [ˈham] (Standard Southern British, Midlands) IPA(key): /ˈham/, [ˈham] (Northern England, Scotland, Wales) IPA(key): /ˈham/, [ˈham] ~ [ˈhäm] (US, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈhæm/ (without æ-raising) IPA(key): [ˈhæm] (æ-raising) IPA(key): [ˈheə̯m] ~ [ˈhɛə̯m] (Australia) IPA(key): /ˈhæːm/ (without æ-raising) IPA(key): [ˈhæːm] (æ-raising) IPA(key): [ˈheːm] ~ [ˈhɛːm] (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈhɛm/, [ˈhɛm] Rhymes: -æm ==== Noun ==== ham (countable and uncountable, plural hams) (anatomy) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock. (countable) A thigh and/or buttock of a hog slaughtered for meat; (occasionally) the corresponding cut from some other animal. Hypernyms: cut; meat < food (uncountable) Meat from the thigh and/or buttock of a hog cured for food. Hypernyms: meat < food The back of the thigh of humans or certain other animals. (Internet, informal, uncommon) Electronic mail that is wanted; email that is not spam or junk mail. Synonym: ham e-mail Antonyms: spam, junk mail ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Middle English ham, from Old English hām. ==== Noun ==== ham (uncountable) Obsolete form of home. ===== Usage notes ===== Persists in many old place names, such as Buckingham. ===== Related terms ===== ==== References ==== Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “ham”, in Online Etymology Dictionary. === Etymology 3 === Uncertain, though it is generally agreed upon that it first appeared in print around the 1880s. At least four theories persist: It came naturally from the word amateur. Deemed likely by Hendrickson (1997), but then the question would be why it took so long to pop up. He rejects the folk etymology of Cockney slang hamateur because it originated in American English. From the play Hamlet, where the title character was often played poorly and/or in an exaggerated manner. Also deemed likely by Hendrickson, though he raises the issue that the term would have likely been around earlier if this were case. From the minstrel's practice of using ham fat to remove heavy black makeup used during performances. Shortened from hamfatter (“inferior actor”), said to derive from the 1863 minstrel show song The Ham-fat Man. William and Mary Morris (1988) argue that it's not known whether the song inspired the term or the term inspired the song, but that they believe the latter is the case. ==== Noun ==== ham (plural hams) (acting) An overacting or amateurish performer; an actor with an especially showy or exaggerated style. Synonyms: hambone, hamfatter, overactor, tear-cat (radio) An amateur radio operator. Synonym: radio amateur ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== ham (third-person singular simple present hams, present participle hamming, simple past and past participle hammed) (acting) To overact; to act with exaggerated emotions. Synonyms: ham it up, chew the scenery, melodramatize, overact, tear a cat Near-synonym: camp it up ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== === See also === go ham === References === === Anagrams === HMA, MHA, Mah, mah == Afrikaans == === Etymology === Inherited from Dutch ham, from Middle Dutch hamme, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hammō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɦam/ Hyphenation: ham === Noun === ham (plural hamme, diminutive hammetjie) ham (cured pork from the thigh of a swine) == Caribbean Hindustani == === Etymology === Inherited from Bhojpuri हम (ham), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme). Cognate with Fiji Hindi ham. === Pronoun === ham I ==== References ==== Beknopt Nederland-Sarnami Woordenboek met Sarnami Hindoestani-Nederlanse Woordenlijst‎[2] (in Dutch), Paramaribo: Instituut voor Taalwetenschap, 2002 == Catalan == === Etymology === Derived from Latin hamus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈam] === Noun === ham m (plural hams) fishhook ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “ham”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Cebuano == === Etymology === Derived from English ham, from Middle English hamme, from Old English hamm (“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), from Proto-Germanic *hamō, *hammō, *hanmō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). === Noun === ham ham (meat from the thigh of a hog cured for food) == Chamorro == === Etymology === From Pre-Chamorro *xami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami. Cognates include Indonesian kami and Tagalog kami. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hæm/ === Pronoun === ham we, us (exclusive) ==== Usage notes ==== ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or as an object of a transitive verb, while in is used as a subject of a transitive verb. I lahi ha sangani ham. ― The man told us. In transitive clauses with an indefinite object, ham can be used as a subject. === See also === === References === Donald M. Topping (1973), Chamorro Reference Grammar‎[3], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press == Chinese == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === === Verb === ham (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, euphemistic) to die 再過26周年，好話唔好聽，可能我都『ham』咗，呢幾年好多重要嘅人或者演唱會嘅朋友離開咗，我仲可以企喺台度同大家表演，係值得嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]再过26周年，好话唔好听，可能我都『ham』咗，呢几年好多重要嘅人或者演唱会嘅朋友离开咗，我仲可以企喺台度同大家表演，系值得嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]zoi3 gwo3 26 zau1 nin4, hou2 waa6 m4 hou2 teng1, ho2 nang4 ngo5 dou1 ‘hem1’ zo2, ni1 gei2 nin4 hou2 do1 zung6 jiu3 ge3 jan4 waak6 ze2 jin2 coeng3 wui6-2 ge3 pang4 jau5 lei4 hoi1 zo2, ngo5 zung6 ho2 ji5 kei5 hai2 toi4 dou6 tung4 daai6 gaa1 biu2 jin2, hai6 zik6 dak1 ge3. [Jyutping]In another 26 years, frankly, I might have already kicked the bucket. In these last few years, many people important to me and friends (I met) while performing have passed away, so I think it's worth performing for everyone up here on stage while I still can. ==== Synonyms ==== == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɦam] Hyphenation: ham === Interjection === ham nom (indicating the action of eating) ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “ham”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “ham”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “ham”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Danish == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse hamr, from Proto-Germanic *hamaz, *hamô. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈhɑmˀ/, [ˈhɑ̈mˀ] ==== Noun ==== ham c (singular definite hammen, plural indefinite hamme) slough, skin ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Older hannem, from Old Norse hǫnum, the dative of hann (“he”). Compare Swedish honom. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /hɑm/, [hɑ̈m] ==== Pronoun ==== ham (personal) him: objective of han ==== See also ==== === References === “ham” in Den Danske Ordbog “ham” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == Dutch == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle Dutch hamme, from Old Dutch *hama, from Proto-Germanic *hammō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɦɑm/ Hyphenation: ham Rhymes: -ɑm Homophone: Ham === Noun === ham f (plural hammen, diminutive hammetje n) ham (cured pork from the thigh of a swine) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Papiamentu: ham == Fiji Hindi == === Etymology === Inherited from Awadhi हम (ham), Bhojpuri हम (ham). === Pronoun === ham I (1st person singular personal pronoun) == Fyer == === Etymology === Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”). === Noun === ham water === References === Roger Blench, Ron Comparative Wordlist Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN: […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]: (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Ron *ham [GT]: Fyer & Bks. & DB & Sha ham, Klr. ˀaàm […] Václav Blažek, A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, in In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122 == Galician == === Verb === ham (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural present indicative of haver == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ham/ === Verb === ham (colloquial) contraction of haben; pronunciation spelling of haben Wir ham grad gefrühstückt. ― We've just had breakfast. ==== Usage notes ==== Usually used in the present or to form the perfect, though it may be seen in the infinitive as well. See also the pronunciation section at haben. ==== See also ==== hamse haste == Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [haːmˠ], [hamˠ] === Noun === ham m h-prothesized form of am == Laz == === Pronoun === ham Latin spelling of ჰამ (ham) == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old English ham, hamm (“enclosure”), from Proto-West Germanic *hamm, from Proto-Germanic *hammaz. ==== Alternative forms ==== hamme ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ham/ ==== Noun ==== ham (plural hammes) An enclosed pasture. ==== References ==== “hamme, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 4 April 2019. === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== ham alternative form of hamme (“back of the knee”) === Etymology 3 === ==== Pronoun ==== ham alternative form of hem (“them”) === Etymology 4 === ==== Pronoun ==== ham (Early Middle English) alternative form of hem (“them”) c1225, Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene, ed. S. T. R. O. d'Ardenne, pp. 3-71. [Juliana] custe ham coss os peis [Roy: acos of pes] alle as ha stoden. === Etymology 5 === ==== Noun ==== ham (Early Middle English, Northern) alternative form of hom (“home”) == Middle French == === Noun === ham m (plural hams) village == Montol == === Etymology === Cognate with Mwaghavul am (“water”). === Noun === hàm water === References === Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN: […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]: (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Tal hàm [Jng./JI], Mnt. hàm "Wasser" [Jng. 1965, 171], […] == North Frisian == === Pronoun === ham (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Object case of hi: him, himself (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Object case of hat: it, (in practice chiefly) itself (Föhr-Amrum) Object case of hat: her, herself ==== Alternative forms ==== (him): 'n (reduced form), höm (Sylt) (it): at, et, 't (reduced forms), höm (Sylt) (her): 't (reduced form), har (Mooring), höör (Sylt) === See also === == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Norse hann. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /hɑm/ ==== Pronoun ==== ham him ==== See also ==== === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old Norse hamr. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /hɑːm/ ==== Noun ==== ham m (definite singular hammen, indefinite plural hammer, definite plural hammene) skin or slough (discarded skin of certain animals) ===== Derived terms ===== ==== References ==== “ham” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. “ham_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). “ham_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === Derived from Old Norse hamr. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɑːm/ === Noun === ham m (definite singular hamen, indefinite plural hamar, definite plural hamane) skin or slough (discarded skin of certain animals) ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “ham” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /xɑːm/, [hɑːm] Rhymes: -ɑːm ==== Noun ==== hām m home The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle" property, estate, farm late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot" village; community ===== Usage notes ===== In early Old English, the dative singular was always hām, not the expected form hāme. ===== Declension ===== Strong a-stem: ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Adverb ==== hām home, homeward hām gān ― to go home hām cuman ― to come home hām ċierran ― to turn home hām bringan ― to bring home ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: hom, hoom, home, hoome, whom, om, am, hame (Northern), heem (pseudo-Northern), ham (Early Middle English)English: home, -ham (partially)Geordie: hyemScots: hameYola: hime, hyme, haime === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hammaz. Cognate with Old Frisian ham, Middle Low German hamme (Low Low German Hamm). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /xɑm/, [hɑm] Rhymes: -ɑm ==== Noun ==== ham m alternative form of hamm (“enclosure”) === Etymology 3 === Inherited from Proto-Germanic *hammō. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /xɑm/, [hɑm] Rhymes: -ɑm ==== Noun ==== ham f alternative form of hamm (“inner knee”) === Etymology 4 === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ham, from Proto-Germanic *hamaz (“covering”). Cognate with Old Norse hamr. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /xɑm/, [hɑm] Rhymes: -ɑm ==== Noun ==== ham m covering garment, dress, gown; shirt ===== Declension ===== Strong a-stem: ===== Related terms ===== == Old French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Frankish *haim (“home, village”). === Noun === ham oblique singular, m (oblique plural hans, nominative singular hans, nominative plural ham) village ==== Descendants ==== Walloon: hamea, amia, hamia Walloon: hamtea, hametê, hamtia, amtia ⇒ Old French: hamel Middle French: hamel French: hameau Walloon: hamô → Middle English: hamel ⇒ Old French: hamelet, hamletMiddle French: hamelet→ Middle English: hamelet, hamletEarly Scots: hamillet, hamlet, hamelat, hameletEnglish: hamlet == Old Frisian == === Alternative forms === hēm === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *haim. Cognates include Old English hām and Old Saxon hēm. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈhaːm/ === Noun === hām m home ==== Descendants ==== North Frisian: hamm Saterland Frisian: Heem West Frisian: hiem === References === Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28 == Old Norse == === Noun === ham accusative/dative singular of hamr == Rohingya == === Noun === ham work ==== Derived terms ==== == Romanian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ham/ Rhymes: -am === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Hungarian hám. ==== Noun ==== ham n (plural hamuri) harness ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Onomatopoeic. ==== Interjection ==== ham! woof (the sound a barking dog makes) ==== See also ==== hau == Ron == === Etymology === Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”). === Noun === ham (most dialects, including Mangar, Bokkos, Daffo-Butura, Shagawu) water ==== Synonyms ==== àyîn (Monguna) === References === Roger Blench, Ron Comparative Wordlist Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN: […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]: (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Ron *ham [GT]: Fyer & Bks. & DB & Sha ham, Klr. ˀaàm […] == Serbo-Croatian == === Alternative forms === ȃm === Etymology === Borrowed from Hungarian hám. === Noun === hȃm m inan (Cyrillic spelling ха̑м) harness == Sha == === Etymology === Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”). === Noun === ham water === References === Roger Blench, Ron Comparative Wordlist == Tal == === Etymology === Cognate with Mwaghavul am (“water”). === Noun === hàm water === References === Takács, Gábor (2007), Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN: […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]: (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]: […] Tal hàm [Jng./JI], Mnt. hàm "Wasser" [Jng. 1965, 171], […] == Tambas == === Etymology === Cognate with Gerka ram (“water”). === Noun === ham water === References === Roger Blench, Ron Comparative Wordlist == Turkish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɑm/ === Etymology 1 === Derived from Persian خام (xâm). ==== Adjective ==== ham (of fruit) unripe (of a substance) raw, unprocessed, crude (figurative) out of shape, unconditioned, untrained Synonyms: idmansız, antrenmansız (figurative) unrealistic, half-baked, impractical (figurative) (of a person) crude, unrefined, socially inept === Etymology 2 === Derived from Persian خم (xam). ==== Adjective ==== ham (obsolete) bent, curved, folded == Turkmen == === Etymology === Borrowed from Classical Persian خَام (xām). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [χɑːm] === Adjective === ham (comparative hamrak, superlative iň ham) leathern raw, crude Synonym: çig === Noun === ham (definite accusative hamy, plural hamlar) hide, skin, leather Synonyms: gaýyş, deri, çerim, gön, teletin ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “ham” in Enedilim.com “ham” in Webonary.org == Upper Sorbian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɦam/ === Noun === ham m inan The name of the Latin script letter H/h. === See also === (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čej, ćet, dźej / dźet, dee, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot / jót, kay, eł, el, em, en, eń, o, ó, pej, er, eř, es, eš, tej, u, wej, y / ypsilon, zet, žet == Vietnamese == === Etymology === Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 噉 (SV: hám). === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [haːm˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [haːm˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [haːm˧˧] === Adjective === ham • (歆, 𫺧, 噷) greedy ham chơi ― (disapproving) to be obsessed with fooling around eager; keen ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === mải == Vilamovian == === Alternative forms === hām, haom === Etymology === From Middle High German heim, from Old High German heim, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“home, village”). === Noun === ham n home Synonym: haojs == West Frisian == === Etymology === Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hammō. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. === Noun === ham c (plural hammen, diminutive hamke) ham === Further reading === “ham (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011 == Yola == === Alternative forms === em, him === Etymology === From Middle English hem, him, from Old English him. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ham/, /ɛm/, /hɪm/ === Pronoun === ham him 1867, “GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY“, page 36: ==== Derived terms ==== w'eeme === References === Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 36 == Zou == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *hraam (“to moan”). Cognates include Mizo hrǎam. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [hǎːm] Hyphenation: ham ==== Verb ==== ha̋m (stem II hȁm) (intransitive) to talk (intransitive) to speak ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [hǎːm] Hyphenation: ham ==== Verb ==== ha̋m (stem II [please provide]) (transitive) to cut down (transitive) to mow down === Etymology 3 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [hʌ̀m] Hyphenation: ham ==== Verb ==== hàm (stem II [please provide]) (transitive) to untie === Etymology 4 === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ham. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): [hʌ́m] Hyphenation: ham ==== Verb ==== hám (stem II [please provide]) (stative) to be rough (stative) to be uneven === References === Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 74; 83 Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 194