alam

== Estonian == === Etymology === Ultimately derived from ala (“area”). === Noun === alam (genitive alama, partitive alama) inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== alam- == Hanunoo == === Etymology === Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔa.lɐm] Rhymes: -alam Syllabification: a‧lam === Noun === alam (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜮᜫ᜴) knowledge; understanding; comprehension ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === Conklin, Harold C. (1953), Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 24 == Hiligaynon == === Etymology === Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam). === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: a‧lam IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔa.lam] === Noun === álam knowledge, learning ==== Derived terms ==== == Indonesian == === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈalam/ [ˈa.lam] Rhymes: -alam Syllabification: a‧lam === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam). ==== Noun ==== alam (plural alam-alam) universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design Synonym: semula jadi (Standard Malay) world Synonym: dunia realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king Synonyms: daerah, kerajaan, negeri ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”). ==== Noun ==== alam banner, standard Synonyms: bendera, panji an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura ===== Derived terms ===== === References === === Further reading === “alam”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Kavalan == === Noun === alam bird == Lacandon == === Adverb === alam down == Latin == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈa.ɫãː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː.lam] ==== Verb ==== alam inflection of alō: first-person singular future active indicative first-person singular present active subjunctive === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaː.ɫãː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː.lam] ==== Noun ==== ālam accusative singular of āla == Malay == === Etymology === From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈalam/ [ˈa.lam] Rhymes: -am Hyphenation: a‧lam === Noun === alam (Jawi spelling عالم, plural alam-alam or alam2) realm, world field (of interest) (biology, taxonomy) kingdom: A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom). Synonym: kerajaan (Indonesian) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Hanunoo: alam → Hiligaynon: alam → Indonesian: alam → Tagalog: alam === Further reading === "alam" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Old Irish == === Noun === alam herd, flock == Portuguese == === Verb === alam third-person plural present indicative of alar == Tagalog == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/⁠ellamu, illamu⁠/). Compare Bikol Central aram. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔaˈlam/ [ʔɐˈlam] (noun; adjective) Rhymes: -am IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔaː.lɐm] (now uncommon) (noun) Rhymes: -alam Syllabification: a‧lam ==== Noun ==== alám or alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔) knowledge; learning; wisdom Synonyms: talino, dunong understanding; sense Synonym: unawa involvement; participation (Batangas) permission Synonyms: pahintulot, permiso (obsolete) goodwill; kindheartedness Synonyms: bait, mabuting-loob (obsolete) gentleness; meekness Synonym: amo (obsolete) affability ==== Adjective ==== alám (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔) known; familiar Synonyms: batid, lantad aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible Synonyms: batid, tukoy clear; understood Synonym: maliwanag ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔaː.lɐm] Rhymes: -alam Syllabification: a‧lam ==== Adjective ==== alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔) (now dialectal, Batangas) granted permission to proceed; allowed Synonyms: pinahintulutan, pinayagan ===== Usage notes ===== The sense can no longer be used on its own and is mostly found in derived terms in Standard Tagalog. ===== Derived terms ===== === Further reading === “alam”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado por…, ultimamente aumentado y corregido por varios religiosos de la Orden de Agustinos calzados.‎[3] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: Ramírez y Giraudier. San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Vocabulario de lengua tagala. El romance castellano puesto primero. Primera, y segunda parte.‎[4] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish and Classical Tagalog), as directed by Gov. Gen. Juan de Silva, Pila, Laguna: La noble Villa de Pila, por Tomás Pinpin y Domingo Loag. page 27: “Afabilidad) Alam (pp) y buena cõdiciõ” page 96: “Auiſar) Alam (pc) haçiendo ſaver algo a alguno” page 108: “Benignidad) Alam (pp) de coraçon” page 108: “Benigno) Alam (pp) y manſo de coraçon” page 110: “Bienacondicionado) Alam (pp) benigno y manſo” page 124: “Buena condiçion) Alam (pp) y afable” page 180: “Condiçion) Alam (pp) buena” page 183: “Consorte) Alam (pp) en lo que hiço alguno, caalam, el tal conſorte” page 214: “Dar) Alam [(pp)] licençia al que la pide” page 244: “Deſpedirſe) Alam (pp) pidiendo licençia” page 389: “Liçençia) Alam (pp) [pedir a] alguno para irſe” page 406: “Manſedumbre) Alam (pp) interior y exterior” page 406: “Manſo) Alam (pp) que de nada ſe altera” page 444: “Noble) Alam (pp) de condiçion y bondad” page 446: “Noſe) Alam (pp) loque [ſe me] pregunta” page 472: “Pedir) Alam (pp) liçençia para irſe” page 538: “Saber) Alam (pp) alguna coſa” page 538: “Sabiduria) Alam [(pp)]” page 602: “Voluntad) Alam (pp) buena” === Anagrams === alma, Alma == Ternate == === Etymology === Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈa.lam] === Noun === alam world, universe === References === Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh == Tok Pisin == === Etymology === From English alarm. === Noun === alam alarm == Uzbek == === Etymology === Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam). === Noun === alam (plural alamlar) flag ==== Declension ====