-ik

== Abenaki == === Suffix === -ik A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words. ==== Usage notes ==== Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots"). See the usage notes at -ak. == Albanian == === Suffix === -ik m (indefinite plural -ikë, definite singular -iku, feminine equivalent -ike) -al Synonym: -tar ‎jetë (“life”) + ‎-ik → ‎jetik (“vital”) ==== Derived terms ==== == Azerbaijani == === Suffix === -ik First-person plural present simple copula [we] are == Basque == === Alternative forms === -rik (after vowels) === Suffix === -ik Partitive suffix. ‎etxe (“house”) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (“any house?”) Adverbial suffix, -ly ‎poz (“joy”) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (“happy, happily”) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === R. L. Trask (2008), “-ik”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 221 == Cornish == === Etymology === From Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Breton and Welsh -ig. === Suffix === -ik m (plural -igow) Forms diminutives ‎hos (“duck”) + ‎-ik → ‎heyjik (“duckling”) ‎davas (“sheep”) + ‎-ik → ‎davasik (“lamb”) ==== Derived terms ==== == Danish == === Etymology === Via German -ik and French -ique, from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). === Suffix === -ik c Forms nouns (typically of Latin or Greek stems, often corresponding to adjectives ending in -isk) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “-ik” in Den Danske Ordbog == Estonian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi. === Suffix === -ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut) Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of". kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”) kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”) neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == German == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /-ɪk/ === Suffix === -ik f Forms abstract nouns, typically of Latin/Greek stems as the counterpart to adjectives in -isch. Forms nouns referring to fields of study. ‎pädagogisch (“pedagogical”) + ‎-ik → ‎Pädagogik (“pedagogy”) ‎kombinatorisch (“combinatory”) + ‎-ik → ‎Kombinatorik (“combinatorics”) Forms nouns referring to schools of thought or movements. ‎romantisch (“romantic”) + ‎-ik → ‎Romantik (“romanticism”) ‎klassisch (“classical”) + ‎-ik → ‎Klassik (“classicism”) Forms nouns describing a characteristic. ‎rhythmisch (“rhythmic”) + ‎-ik → ‎Rhythmik (“rhythmicity”) ==== Derived terms ==== == Hungarian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ik] Rhymes: -ik === Etymology 1 === Adjective suffix. ==== Suffix ==== -ik (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix (often used together with the definite article a/az (“the”)). Used with (chiefly comparative, sometimes superlative) adjectives, answering the question melyik? (“which?”), specifying one out of a specific set of things/persons. más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”) rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”) a kisebbik rossz(at választja) ― (to choose) the lesser of two evils A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms). ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Possessive suffix. ==== Suffix ==== -ik possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor: their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis) kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”) érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”) (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural) kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!) érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!) ===== Usage notes ===== (possessive suffix) Variants: -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i === Etymology 3 === Personal suffix. ==== Suffix ==== -ik (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form. Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs. Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)] ===== Usage notes ===== The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural. Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes. (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below. ===== Derived terms ===== === See also === Category:Hungarian verbs ending in -ik Category:Hungarian noun forms Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes Appendix:Hungarian suffixes == Indonesian == === Etymology === From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. === Suffix === -ik -ic analitik ― analytic ==== Usage notes ==== The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== -ikal -is -at == Malay == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [-ik̚] Hyphenation: -ik === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. ==== Suffix ==== -ik (Jawi spelling ـيک) -ic. saintifik ― scientific ===== Usage notes ===== The suffix -ik often appears in loanwords from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with the suffix -is many of which were loaned from Dutch through Indonesian, although not all of them are (e.g. gramatis). === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English -ics. ==== Suffix ==== -ik (Jawi spelling ـيک) -ics. linguistik ― linguistics === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from English -ique. ==== Suffix ==== -ik (Jawi spelling ـيک) -ique. unik ― unique === Derived terms === === Related terms === -ikal -is -at == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Suffix ==== -ik alternative form of -y === Etymology 2 === From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y. ==== Alternative forms ==== -ike, -ique, -ic, -ice ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /iːk/, /ik/ ==== Suffix ==== -ik Forms adjectives denoting a quality or characteristic from nouns; -ic. Forms nouns, mainly names of arts and sciences. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: -ic ===== References ===== “-ī̆k(e, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /iːk/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ik/ === Suffix === -ik forms nouns, often diminutive ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: -ik == Polish == === Alternative forms === -yk === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ik/ Rhymes: -ik Syllabification: -ik Homophone: Ig === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish -ik. ==== Suffix ==== -ik m forms nouns, often diminutive ‎słodki + ‎-ik → ‎słodzik ===== Declension ===== Masculine personal: Masculine inanimate: ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -ικος (-ikos), Latin -icus. ==== Suffix ==== -ik m (feminine -iczka) forms nouns; -ic ‎alergia (“allergy”) + ‎-ik → ‎alergik (“an allergic”) ===== Declension ===== Masculine personal: Masculine inanimate: ===== Derived terms ===== === Further reading === -ik in Polish dictionaries at PWN == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ. === Suffix === -ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature. === See also === -nik -enik -ovnik -evnik == Slovak == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ik/, [ik] === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ. ==== Suffix ==== -ik m alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong ‎vták (“bird”) + ‎-ik → ‎vtáčik (“birdie”) ‎hriešny (“sinful”) + ‎-ik → ‎hriešnik (“sinner”) ===== Declension ===== Animate nouns: Inanimate nouns: Animal nouns: ===== Related terms ===== -ík -ník ~ -nik -íčka ~ -ička === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). ==== Suffix ==== -ik m fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed ‎akadémia + ‎-ik → ‎akademik ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== -ička === Further reading === Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152 -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk == Slovincian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ik/ === Suffix === -ik m forms nouns, often diminutive ==== Derived terms ==== == Swedish == === Etymology === From French -ique, from Latin -icus. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -iːk === Suffix === -ik c Forms nouns (typically of Latin or Greek stems, often corresponding to adjectives ending in -isk) ‎botanisk (“botanical”) + ‎-ik → ‎botanik (“botany”) ‎estetisk (“aesthetic”) + ‎-ik → ‎estetik (“aesthetics”) ‎symbolisk (“symbolic”) + ‎-ik → ‎symbolik (“symbolism”) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === -ik in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922) == Turkish == === Etymology 1 === From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik) as well as Ottoman Turkish وق (-uk), from Proto-Turkic *-uk, synonymous to Proto-Turkic *-ïg. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɯk/, /ic/, /uk/, /yc/ ==== Suffix ==== -ik Derives participle forms of verbs; adjectival and/or resulting state or product of the action. ‎aç- (“to open”) + ‎-ık → ‎açık (“open, opened”) ‎del- (“to drill, to poke a hole”) + ‎-ik → ‎delik (“hole, pierced”) ‎boz- (“to break, to damage”) + ‎-uk → ‎bozuk (“broken, damaged”) ‎düş- (“to fall”) + ‎-ük → ‎düşük (“fallen, low”) ‎iste- (“to want”) + ‎-k → ‎istek (“request, want”) ‎dile- (“to wish”) + ‎-k → ‎dilek (“wish, desire”) ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From French -ique, from Latin -icus. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ic/ ==== Suffix ==== -ik -ic -ical ===== Derived terms ===== === References === == Veps == === Alternative forms === -k === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *-ko. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. -i- === Particle === -ik Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence. == Volapük == === Suffix === -ik Used to form adjectives and determiners.