-ier

== English == === Etymology 1 === From -y +‎ -er. ==== Suffix ==== -ier spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -(e)y suffixed with -er. dicey → dicier; clayey → clayier; gluey → gluier; happy → happier; scary → scarier; tomatoey → tomatoier ===== See also ===== -ied -iest === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from French -ier, doublet of -eer, -yer, -ary, and -ar. ==== Suffix ==== -ier Forming nouns denoting occupations, particularly with words from French. clothier, perfumier ===== Derived terms ===== === Anagrams === rie, RIE, ire, eir, Rie, IRE, IrE, rei, Ire., Eri, EIR, Eri. == Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from French -ier. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ir/, [iːr] Hyphenation: -ier === Suffix === -ier m appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== -er == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /je/ === Suffix === -ier m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iers, feminine -ière) forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit ‎banane (“banana”) + ‎-ier → ‎bananier (“banana tree”) ‎poire (“pear”) + ‎-ier → ‎poirier (“pear tree”) forms the names of ships ‎chalut (“trawl net”) + ‎-ier → ‎chalutier (“trawler”) ‎pétrole (“oil”) + ‎-ier → ‎pétrolier (“oil tanker”) forms the names of jobs ‎chocolat (“chocolate”) + ‎-ier → ‎chocolatier (“chocolatier”) ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “-ier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == German == === Etymology === Borrowed from French -ier. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /i̯eː/, /jeː/ Hyphenation: -ier === Suffix === -ier m A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French. ‎Kneipe + ‎-ier → ‎Kneipier ‎Pleite + ‎-ier → ‎Pleitier ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “-ier” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Latin == === Suffix === -ier alternative form of -ri (present passive infinitive) == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Suffix ==== -ier alternative form of -er (agentive suffix) === Etymology 2 === ==== Suffix ==== -ier alternative form of -iere == Middle French == === Suffix === -ier alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb) alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession) == Old French == === Pronunciation === === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Latin -āre. ==== Alternative forms ==== -er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France) -ar (9th and 10th centuries. Only a couple of words are attested with this suffix, salvar, intrar and devastar) ==== Suffix ==== -ier suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs forgier ― to forge ===== Conjugation ===== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ===== Descendants ===== Middle French: -erFrench: -er Gallo: -ieu → Middle High German: -ierenGerman: -ieren, -iren (obsolete, used alternatively until ca. 1900)→ Bulgarian: -ирам (-iram)→ Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)→⇒ Georgian: -ირება (-ireba)→ Serbo-Croatian: -irati Norman: -yi (Jersey) === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Latin -ārium. ==== Alternative forms ==== -er (present in all varieties but more common in Anglo-Norman than in France) ==== Suffix ==== -ier indicates a profession bouchier ― butcher indicates location, where one lives forestier ― forester ===== Derived terms ===== -erie f ===== Descendants ===== Middle French: -erFrench: -ier, -er→ English: -eer, -er → Middle English: -er, -eer, -ere, -ier, -ir, -yrEnglish: -er (conflated with -ere)Middle Scots: -er, -arScots: -er (conflated with -ere) → Italian: -iere → Romanian: -ier → Old Irish: -aireIrish: -aireScottish Gaelic: -air → Sicilian: -eri === See also === Appendix:Old French verbs -ir -re == Slovak == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [i̯er] Hyphenation: ier === Suffix === -ier genitive plural of -ra == Swedish == === Suffix === -ier -an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality ‎Indien + ‎-ier → ‎indier ‎Iran + ‎-ier → ‎iranier ==== Synonyms ==== -an ==== Derived terms ==== === Anagrams === -eri