tun

== Translingual == === Symbol === tun (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tunica. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Tunica terms == English == === Alternative forms === tunne, tonne (obsolete) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original. ==== Pronunciation ==== (UK) IPA(key): /tʌn/, /tʊn/ Homophones: ton, tonne Rhymes: -ʌn, -ʊn ==== Noun ==== tun (plural tuns) A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.) (brewing) A fermenting vat. (historical) A traditional unit of liquid measure (from the volume of such a cask) equal to 252 wine gallons or 2 pipes. Coordinate terms: (in order of increasing volume) rundlet; barrel; tierce; hogshead; puncheon, tertian; pipe, butt Synonym of long ton: a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each. (figurative) Synonym of ton: any extremely or excessively large amount. (archaic, humorous or derogatory) Synonym of drunkard: a person who drinks excessively. Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera. The cryptobiotic state of a tardigrade, when its metabolism is temporarily suspended. (obsolete, Oxford University, Pembroke College) A small silver cup holding half a pint, sometimes having a whistle in the handle that could not be blown until the cup was empty. (dialectal, UK) a chimney. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== tun (third-person singular simple present tuns, present participle tunning, simple past and past participle tunned) (transitive) To put into tuns, or casks. === Etymology 2 === From Mayan. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. ==== Noun ==== tun (plural tuns or tunob) A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days. ==== See also ==== === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from Malay tun. ==== Noun ==== tun (plural tuns) (Malaysia) A respectful term of address to royalties and certain award recipients === Anagrams === NTU, NUT, Nut, nut == Ainu == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tun/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Ainu *tu-n. Refers specifically to thick, durable skin or processed leather, as opposed to the general term kap. ==== Noun ==== tun leather; hide (especially of a large marine mammal). A leather strap or thong. ===== Derived terms ===== tunnin (“bearded seal”, literally “leather thing”) tunker (“leather boots”) === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Ainu *tu (“two”). ==== Numeral ==== tun two (Sakhalin dialect; or in certain compounds) ===== Derived terms ===== tunne (“two people”) tup (“two things”) === References === Batchelor, John (1905), An Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary, Tokyo: Methodist Publishing House. Vovin, Alexander (1993), A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu, Leiden: Brill. Hattori, Shirō (1964), Ainugo Hōgen Jiten [An Ainu Dialect Dictionary], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. == Antigua and Barbuda Creole English == === Verb === tun turn == Aromanian == === Alternative forms === tunu, tunã === Etymology === From Latin tonō. Compare Romanian tuna, tun. === Verb === tun (participle tunatã) to thunder ==== Related terms ==== tunari / tunare tunat ditun / ditunã == Bambara == === Adverb === tun again == Dalmatian == === Etymology === From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Friulian ton, Catalan tro, Romansh tun, tung, Romanian tun, tunet, Spanish trueno. === Noun === tun m thunderclap, thunder == Danish == === Etymology 1 === A contraction of tunfisk, from German Thunfisch (“tuna”), from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn] ==== Noun ==== tun c (singular definite tunen, plural indefinite tun) tuna tuna fish tun ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse tún, from Proto-Germanic *tūną, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn] ==== Noun ==== tun n (singular definite tunet, plural indefinite tun) (dated) An enclosed piece of ground. ===== Inflection ===== === Etymology 3 === See tune. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn] ==== Verb ==== tun imperative of tune == Fula == === Alternative forms === tan === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Adjective === tun (Pular) only ==== Usage notes ==== Other varieties of Fula use tan. === Adverb === tun (Pular) only ==== Usage notes ==== Other varieties of Fula use tan. === References === Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014. (when accessed 2019-9-10, there was no entry for tun, but an example using the word was given in entry for jam) Herb Caudill and Ousmane Besseko Diallo, Miɗo waawi Pular! : learner's guide to Pular (Fuuta Jallon), Conakry, 2000. (examples in text) == German == === Alternative forms === thun (obsolete) === Etymology === From Middle High German tuon, from Old High German tuon, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, set, place”). Cognate with English do. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tuːn/, [tuːn] === Verb === tun (irregular, third-person singular present tut, past tense tat, past participle getan, past subjunctive täte, auxiliary haben) To do (to perform or execute an action). Synonym: machen Tu es! ― Do it! Man tut, was man kann. ― One does what one can. Er tat das, was man ihm gesagt hat. ― He did as he was told. Das einzige, was er je tat, war arbeiten. ― The only thing he ever did was work. [with dative] To do something (positive or negative) to someone. Synonym: antun Der tut Ihnen nichts! ― He won't hurt you! (said for example about a dog) Mein Mann hat mir so viel Gutes getan. ― My husband has done me so much good. (somewhat informal, with “so” or “als ob”) To fake; to feign; to pretend. Synonyms: vortäuschen, täuschen, vorgeben Er hat nur so getan. ― He just faked it. Er tut, als ob er nichts wüsste. ― He pretends to know nothing. (chiefly colloquial) To put, to place, to add. Synonyms: setzen, legen, stellen, geben, platzieren, hinzufügen Tu das hier rein. ― Put it in here. Ich würde noch was Salz an die Kartoffeln tun. ― I would add some more salt to the potatoes. (chiefly colloquial, impersonal, with “es”) To work, to function. Synonym: funktionieren Die Uhr tut’s nicht mehr. ― The clock doesn’t work anymore. (northern and western Germany, colloquial, reflexive, with an indefinite pronoun) To make a difference; to be different. Synonym: unterscheiden Tut sich das viel? ― Does that make much of a difference? Die beiden Kameras tun sich nichts. ― The two cameras are no different [i.e. neither better than the other]. (informal, reflexive, impersonal, with “es”) to happen, to be going on Und, tut sich heute etwas? ― Well, anything happening today? Derzeit tut sich viel. ― There's a lot going on at the moment. (chiefly colloquial, but acceptable in writing) Used with the preceding infinitive of another verb to emphasise this verb (colloquial, nonstandard) Used with the following infinitive of another verb, often to emphasise the statement Ich tu doch zuhören! ― I am listening! (as a response to the reproach that one is not) Ich tu das jetzt mal aufräumen. ― I’m cleaning this up now. (colloquial, nonstandard) Used in the past subjunctive with the infinitive of another verb to form the conditional tense (instead of standard würde) Ich tät mir das noch mal überlegen. ― I would think about that again. ==== Usage notes ==== The verb tun in the sense of “to perform” is not used in combination with nouns. This function is covered by the verb machen: ich mache Sport, wir machen ein Spiel, er macht die Wäsche (“I do sport, we do a game, he does the laundry”). The same is true with pronouns that represent such nouns: Wer macht die Wäsche? – Ich mache sie. (“Who does the laundry? – I do it.”) It is usually ungrammatical to use tun in sentences like these. Tun is only used with pronouns that represent actions as a whole: Was tust du? (“What are you doing?”) Ich tue viel für die Umwelt. (“I do a lot for the environment.”) Er tut alles, was sie sagt. (“He does everything she says.”) (colloquial, nonstandard): The use of do-support is a feature of several dialects and minority languages in the German language area. In the standard language, it is most established along the Rhine. It is somewhat more acceptable when used for emphasis or in the subjunctive (as in the example with zuhören and überlegen above), but is otherwise regarded as childish or illiterate (as in the example with aufräumen). This latter usage is generally associated with lower socio-economic status. ==== Conjugation ==== The 1st person singular present indicative may also be (ich) tu. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== Tat f === Further reading === “tun” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache “tun” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon “tun” in OpenThesaurus.de “tun” in Duden online “tun” in Duden online == Hausa == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tún/ (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [tɪ́ŋ] === Preposition === tun since, ever since == Hlai == === Pronunciation === (Standard Hlai, Baoding) IPA(key): /tʰun˥˧/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Hlai *tʰun (“language”), from Pre-Hlai *tun (Norquest, 2015). ==== Noun ==== tun speech; words; language folk song dispute; controversy === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Hlai *tʰu[n/ɲ] (“to reap”), from Pre-Hlai *tu[n/ɲ] (Norquest, 2015). ==== Verb ==== tun To reap. == Inari Sami == === Etymology === From Proto-Samic *tonë. === Pronunciation === === Pronoun === tun (genitive tuu) you (singular) === See also === === Further reading === tun in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022), Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎[2], Tromsø: UiT Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland == Javanese == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Javanese tun, tön (“desire, love, attach”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tʊn/ Hyphenation: tun === Noun === tun desire === Further reading === “tun”, in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia] (in Javanese), Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023. == Kemi Sami == === Etymology === From Proto-Samic *tonë. Compare Inari Sami tun and Skolt Sami ton. === Pronoun === tun (genitive tu) thou, you == Mandarin == === Romanization === tun nonstandard spelling of tūn nonstandard spelling of tún nonstandard spelling of tǔn nonstandard spelling of tùn ==== Usage notes ==== Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone. == Mapudungun == === Verb === tun (Raguileo spelling) To catch. ==== Conjugation ==== == Megleno-Romanian == === Etymology === From Latin tonō. Compare Romanian tuna, tun. === Verb === tun thunder ==== Related terms ==== tunari === References === Atasanov, Petar (1990), Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske == Middle English == === Noun === tun alternative form of toun == Norman == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === tun m (plural tuns) (Jersey) tuft ==== Synonyms ==== toupet tus == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse tún. Akin to English town. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tʉːn/ === Noun === tun n (definite singular tunet, indefinite plural tun, definite plural tuna) courtyard, front yard (the area in front of, around or between houses, particularly on a farm) farmstead (a collection of buildings and the area between them on a farm) === References === “tun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *tūn, from Proto-Germanic *tūną. === Noun === tūn m fence ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Dutch: tuun Dutch: tuinAfrikaans: tuinBerbice Creole Dutch: tunSkepi Creole Dutch: tun Limburgish: toen West Flemish: tuun Zealandic: tuun === References === “tūn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012 == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *tūn, from Proto-Germanic *tūną (“enclosure”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tuːn/ === Noun === tūn m an enclosed piece of ground, an enclosure or garden the enclosed ground belonging to an individual dwelling the group of houses on an area of enclosed land, a homestead a village or town 8th century, Erfurt Glossary The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ==== Declension ==== Strong a-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== dūn (“hill, mountain”) ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: toun, town, towne, tun, tuneEnglish: town, tahn, tawn (Bermuda), toon (Northumbria), toune, towne (obsolete)→ Chichewa: tawuni→ Hawaiian: kaona→ Jersey Dutch: tāun→ Pennsylvania German: Taun→ Japanese: タウン (taun)English: (West Yorkshire) taanEnglish: (Ottawa-Valley) toun, teunGeordie: toonMiddle Scots: toun, town, toneScots: toun, toonYola: teoune, teoun == Old French == === Pronoun === tun m (feminine ta) (Anglo-Norman) your (second-person singular possessive pronoun) ==== Synonyms ==== vostre (second-person plural form) == Romanian == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin tonus (the original meaning being "thunderclap", as with the Romance cognates). See also the doublet ton (“tone”), borrowed through French. === Pronunciation === === Noun === tun n (plural tunuri) cannon (archaic, popular) thunderclap ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== tuna tunet == Romansh == === Alternative forms === tùn (Sutsilvan) tung (Surmiran) === Etymology === From Latin tonus. === Noun === tun m sound thunder == Slovene == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /túːn/ === Noun === tȗn m anim tuna Synonym: túna ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “tun”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026 == Somali == === Etymology === From Proto-Somaloid *tum- (“to pound”). Cognate with Oromo tumuu. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtún/ === Verb === tun to strike === References === Puglielli, A., & Mansuur, C. C. (2012). Qaamuuska Af‒Soomaaliga (in Somali) Roma: Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, page 816 == Spanish == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === tun m (plural tunes) a Pre-Hispanic percussion instrument from Guatemala, consisting of a hollow wooden block with slits in the sides === Further reading === “tun”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Norse tún, from Proto-Germanic *tūną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”). Cognate with Danish tun (“enclosed area”), Icelandic tún (“hayfield”), Norwegian Nynorsk tun (“farmstead; courtyard”), English town, German Zaun (“fence”), German Low German Tuun (“fence”), Dutch tuin (“garden”). === Noun === tun n (archaic, dialectal) courtyard (an area surrounded by buildings) ==== Declension ==== === Noun === tun c (Gotland) fence ==== Declension ==== === Derived terms === Tunberg, Thunberg == Tetum == === Etymology === From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuRun, compare Malay turun. === Verb === tun To descend. == Unami == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *-eton. === Noun === tun inan (plural tuna) mouth ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005), “tun”, in Grant Leneaux, Raymond Whritenour, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005), “tuna”, in Grant Leneaux, Raymond Whritenour, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project == Uzbek == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tʊn/, [t̪ʰʊn] Hyphenation: tun === Noun === tun (plural tunlar) night ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Welsh == === Alternative forms === (obsolete) tyn === Etymology === Borrowed from English tin, from Middle English tin, from Old English tin, from Proto-West Germanic *tin, from Proto-Germanic *tiną. === Pronunciation === (North Wales) IPA(key): /tɨ̞n/ (South Wales) IPA(key): /tɪn/ Rhymes: -ɨ̞n === Noun === tun m (plural tuniau or tunnau) tin (metal) Synonyms: alcam, ystaen tin (metal container), tin can Synonym: can ==== Usage notes ==== Potential source of confusion: Element 310, triunnilium (systematic element name), would go by the chemical symbol Tun. However, the feasibility of an element with such a high atomic number, is iffy. ==== Derived terms ==== === Mutation === === References === R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “tun”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies == Yámana == === Noun === tun tooth