thối

== Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰoj˧˦] (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰoj˨˩˦] (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰoj˦˥] === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Vietic *tʰuːlʔ (“rotten”). This is the Northern form with typical Northern lowering of *-uː-, with the Central and Southern dialects from Southern Thanh Hoá southwards preserved the vowel unlowered. ==== Alternative forms ==== (North Central dialects of Thanh Hoá) thún (no vowel lowering, *-l > /n/) (Nghệ Tĩnh, Bình Trị Thiên, South Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) thúi (no vowel lowering, *-l > /j/) ==== Adjective ==== thối • (褪, 𦤮, 𠺙, 退) (Northern Vietnam) rotten Synonyms: thối thây, (especially of food) hư, ung, ung ủng 2003: Văn học Việt Nam Thế kỷ XX 1:16, Mai Quốc Liên and Nguyễn Văn Lưu ed., compiled by Hoài Anh, Văn Học Publishing House, p. 890 [1] (Northern Vietnam) fetid, putrid, stinking, foul-smelling (with the smell of a decomposing body, of rotting food, especially rotting fruit, or of dung) Synonyms: hôi thối, thối hoắc Antonyms: thơm, thơm lừng, thơm nức, thơm ngát, thơm phức, thơm sực, thơm tho 1939: Ngô Tất Tố, Lều chõng 1961: Nguyễn Huy Tưởng, chapter 12, Sống mãi với Thủ Đô 2001: National Assembly of Vietnam, Law on traffic on the roads of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2001 (26/2001/QH10), Title VI, article 61, section 3(i), translation from [2] thối như cóc chết ― as stinky as a dead toad (Northern Vietnam, of a bomb) unexploded Synonyms: hỏng, hư, hư hỏng Antonym: nổ 2000: Chu Cẩm Phong, Nhật ký Chu Cẩm Phong (Nhà văn - chiến sĩ), Thanh Niên Publishing House, p. 137 [3] ===== Derived terms ===== ===== See also ===== tanh; khai; khắm hôi; hoi ==== Verb ==== thối (Northern Vietnam) to decompose, to rot Synonyms: rữa nát, thối ruỗng, thối rữa 1955: Lu Xun (translated by Phan Khôi), "Làng quê" (Village Opera), Tuyển tập tiểu thuyết Lỗ Tấn (Selected Stories of Lu Hsun) 1983: Nguyễn Phan Hách, Tan Mây: tiểu thuyết, Tác Phẩm Mới, p. 43 [4] (Northern Vietnam) to stink Synonyms: thối om, thối hoăng 1998: 40 Truyện Trạng Quỳnh [40 Tales About Trạng Quỳnh], Nguyễn Đức Hiền ed. (translated by Nguyễn Đình Phương into English), Văn Nghệ Publishing House, p. 108 [5] (Northern Vietnam, of a bomb) to be a dud, to refuse to explode Synonym: hỏng Antonym: nổ ===== Usage notes ===== This is the main form used in compounds and in written Vietnamese texts. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Sino-Vietnamese word from 退. Compare thoái. ==== Verb ==== thối (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to retreat Synonym: thoái Antonym: tiến 1954: Hồ Biểu Chánh, "Một cõi xưng hùng", Đỗ nương nương báo oán lúc tiến lúc thối ― at times advancing, at times retreating (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to repay; to give back change (to a customer) 1926: Exodus 21:2 (translated by Phan Khôi) 1929: Hồ Biểu Chánh, "Nhà giàu hại nhà nghèo", Khóc thầm thối tiền cho khách ― to repay the customer === References === Hồ Ngọc Đức, editor (2003), “thối”, in Việt–Việt‎[7] (DICT), Leipzig: Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details), archived from the original on 12 November 2024 Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)