sam

== Translingual == === Etymology === Clipping of English Samaritan. === Symbol === sam (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Samaritan Aramaic. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Samaritan Aramaic terms == English == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same. ==== Alternative forms ==== samen ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /sæm/ Rhymes: -æm Homophone: Sam (Received Pronunciation, US) ==== Verb ==== sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed) (transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble. (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.). (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange. (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together. (transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk). ===== Usage notes ===== Often used with together or up ===== Derived terms ===== stand sam upon my sam === Etymology 2 === From Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). ==== Adverb ==== sam (not comparable) (obsolete) Together === Etymology 3 === From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /sæm/ Rhymes: -æm Homophone: Sam (Received Pronunciation, US) ==== Adjective ==== sam (not comparable) (dialectal) Half or imperfectly done. (of food) Half-heated. ===== Related terms ===== sammy sandblind === Etymology 4 === Possibly from Uncle Sam. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /sæm/ Rhymes: -æm Homophone: Sam (Received Pronunciation, US) ==== Noun ==== sam (plural sams) (slang) Federal narcotics agent. === Anagrams === 'ams, Mas, mas, MSA, -mas, ASM, AMS, M.A.S., MAs, sma, M.A.s, SMA, M. A. S., MAS, A.M.s, asm == Atong (India) == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sʰam/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Garo samsi, Garo sam. ==== Noun ==== sam (Bengali script সাম) grass; weed medicine ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== sam- (Bengali script সাম) to wait === Etymology 3 === ==== Classifier ==== sam- (Bengali script সাম) used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires === References === van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary. == Charrua == === Numeral === sam two === References === El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996) Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968) Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62 == Chuukese == === Noun === sam father == Garo == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sam/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Atong (India) sam. ==== Noun ==== sam grass; herb medicine curry === Etymology 2 === ==== Classifier ==== sam used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. === Further reading === Burling, R. (2003), The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon‎[3], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 275 == Hokkien == == Lhao Vo == === Etymology === From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-sum (“three”). Cognate with Burmese သုံး (sum:, “three”). === Numeral === sam three === References === Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906). == Livonian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *samo. Cognate with Estonian samm. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsɑˀm/, [ˈsɑˀm] === Noun === sa’m step, pace ==== Declension ==== === References === Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sa’m”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[4] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra == Macanese == === Verb === sam alternative form of sâm == Maltese == === Etymology === Inherited from Arabic صامَ (ṣāma). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /saːm/ Rhymes: -aːm === Verb === sam (imperfect jsum, active participle sajjem, verbal noun sawm) to fast ==== Conjugation ==== == Mizo == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam. ==== Noun ==== sam hair (of the head) antenna (of insects) === Etymology 2 === ==== Adjective ==== sam easy, simple == Nga La == === Etymology === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam. === Noun === sam hair (of the head) === References === Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007 == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sɑm/ Rhymes: -ɑm === Conjunction === sam whether, or === References === Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “sam”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Old Irish == === Etymology === From Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsaβ̃/ === Noun === sam m (genitive unattested, no plural) summer ==== Inflection ==== ==== Synonyms ==== samrad === Mutation === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Old Norse == === Verb === sam second-person singular imperative of sama == Old Polish == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /saːm/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /sɒm/ ==== Pronoun ==== sam alone, by oneself, without company myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself") The meaning of this term is uncertain. ===== Descendants ===== Polish: sam Silesian: sōm === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /sam/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /sam/ ==== Adverb ==== sam here; hither ===== Descendants ===== Polish: siam Silesian: sam === References === Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “1. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “2. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Palula == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sam/ === Adverb === sam (Perso-Arabic spelling سم) equally === References === Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “sam”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -am Syllabification: sam === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish sam. ==== Adjective ==== sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb) alone (oneself without company) alone (oneself without help) ==== Adverb ==== sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam) alone, by oneself, without company Synonyms: osobno, samodzielnie (Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Łowicz, Skaratki, Rogóźno, Traby, Lisiewice) here (at this place) Alternative forms: (dialectal) sa, (dialectal) samoj Synonyms: tu, tutaj ==== Particle ==== sam emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement) ===== Declension ===== ==== Alternative forms ==== samuj (Eastern Lublin, Krynice and Kryniczki) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Etymology 2 === Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy. ==== Alternative forms ==== SAM ==== Noun ==== sam m inan (colloquial) self-service shop Synonym: sklep samoobsługowy ===== Declension ===== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === “sam”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “sam”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[7] (in Polish) “SAM_I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22 February 2023 “SAM_II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 22 February 2023 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 11 sam in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego Stanisław Ciszewski (1916), “sam”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, in Prace Filologiczne‎[8] (in Polish), volume 8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 98 Władysław Matlakowski (1892), “sam”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 16 Halina Świderska (1929), “sam”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 131 == Rohingya == === Alternative forms === 𐴏𐴝𐴔 (sam) — Hanifi spelling === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Noun === sam (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴔) skin Synonym: samra == Romani == === Verb === sam first-person plural present indicative of si == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. ==== Adjective ==== sȃm (Cyrillic spelling са̑м, definite sȃmī) alone, sole unaided, single-handed absolute, very, mere, unmixed solitary, secluded ===== Declension ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== sȃm === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. ==== Verb ==== sȁm (Cyrillic spelling са̏м) first-person singular present tense enclitic form of biti. Tu sam. — I'm here. == Silesian == === Alternative forms === sã === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish sam. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsam/ Rhymes: -am Syllabification: sam === Pronoun === sam here Synonym: tukej hither === Further reading === sam in silling.org == Slovene == === Etymology === From Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. First attested in the 10th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sáːm/ === Adjective === sȃm (not comparable) alone, sole unaided, single-handed, by oneself ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “sam”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran “sam”, in Termania, Amebis See also the general references == Swedish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /sam/ === Verb === sam past indicative of simma === Anagrams === mas == Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [saːm˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧] === Etymology 1 === Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change. Possibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as "king crab"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”). ==== Noun ==== (classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫) a horseshoe crab đuôi sam ― a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait ===== See also ===== so === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== (classifier cây) sam • (蔘) common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Synonym: rau sam == Ye'kwana == === Alternative forms === samm === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [sam] === Ideophone === sam zooming (of food) stinging, biting === References === Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “samm”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[9], Lyon, page 166 == Zhuang == === Etymology === From Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml. === Pronunciation === (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θaːm˨˦/ Tone numbers: sam1 Hyphenation: sam === Numeral === sam (1957–1982 spelling sam) three == Zou == === Etymology === From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sʰam. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [sʌ́m] Hyphenation: sam === Noun === sám hair ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 22 Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 48