ngươi

== Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ŋɨəj˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [ŋɨj˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ŋɨj˧˧] === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Vietic *ŋaːj, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[m]ŋaaj (“human being; person”). Cognate with người (“person”), ngài. Doublet of ngài and người. ==== Pronoun ==== ngươi • (𤽗, 𤾰) (archaic or literary) you (to address perceived inferiors) Genesis [Sáng Thế Ký] 17; 1925 Vietnamese translation by Phan Khôi; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version ===== Usage notes ===== The corresponding first person pronoun is ta. In archaic contexts, this word is used to refer to someone of lower social status, and it has a somewhat condescending connotation. Such a condescending connotation is also utilized by translators to convey hostility between characters in foreign fiction works in place of mày (because mày, for some reason, just doesn't feel quite "right", especially if used by a younger character to refer to an older one), although some translators may use mi instead. Some use both combinations of ta-mi/ngươi for characters of significant age difference, and tao-mày for characters of around the same age. ==== Particle ==== ngươi • (𤽗, 𤾰) (literary, obsolete) prefixes someone's name, functioning either as a vocative or focus marker. 16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi's (attributed) Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú (新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註), giải âm/translation of Truyền kỳ mạn lục ("Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales") by Nguyễn Dữ. 19th century, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Tale of Lục Vân Tiên: ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Vietic *-ŋaːj, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[]ŋaaj. Cognate with Bahnar ngai (“pupil”) and Shwe Palaung ငါည် (“face”). From the same root as người (“human being”) and thus also the etymology above; compare English pupil, Japanese 瞳 (hitomi, “pupil”) and 人 (hito, “person, human”), Thao thau (“person, pupil”), Tagalog tao (“human, person”) and balintataw (“pupil”), Persian مردم (mardom, “people, pupil”). ==== Noun ==== (classifier con) ngươi • (𥇹, 𥊤) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye) Synonym: đồng tử ===== Usage notes ===== Pretty much always accompanied by the classifier con in modern Vietnamese, to the extent that con ngươi has started to become lexicalized.