martyr

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English martir, from Old English martyr, itself a borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Pronunciation === (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/, [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)], [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)] IPA(key): (Received Pronunciation) /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/, [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ] Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ) Hyphenation: mar‧tyr === Noun === martyr (plural martyrs) One who willingly accepts being put to death or willingly accepts challenging and exposing iniquity done to oneself for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after red martyrdom. (by extension) One who sacrifices their life, station, or something of great personal value, for the sake of principle or to sustain a cause. (with a prepositional phrase of cause) One who suffers greatly or constantly, even involuntarily. (derogatory) Someone who exaggerates their pain and suffering in order to gain sympathy. ==== Antonyms ==== apostate confessor ==== Hyponyms ==== shaheed, shahid (martyr in Arabic, carrying the same etymological root of “witness”) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === martyr (third-person singular simple present martyrs, present participle martyring, simple past and past participle martyred) (transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting them to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession. (transitive) To persecute. (transitive) To torment; to torture. ==== Synonyms ==== martyrize ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References === == Danish == === Etymology === From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈmɑːˌtˢyɐ̯ˀ] === Noun === martyr c (singular definite martyren, plural indefinite martyrer) martyr ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== martyrdom martyrisere martyrglorie martyrmine martyrdød === References === “martyr” in Den Danske Ordbog “martyr” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French martire, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maʁ.tiʁ/ === Noun === martyr m (plural martyrs, feminine martyre) martyr ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “martyr”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Latin == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈmar.tyr] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈmar.tir] === Noun === martyr m or f (genitive martyris); third declension (Ecclesiastical Latin) martyr, especially a Christian martyr ==== Declension ==== Third-declension noun. ==== Related terms ==== martyrium ==== Descendants ==== → Proto-Brythonic: *merθɨr (see there for further descendants) → Danish: martyr → Dutch: martelaar → Estonian: märter → Finnish: marttyyri → Old French: martireFrench: martyr→ Middle English: martirScots: mairtyrEnglish: martyr→ Māori: matiraNorman: martyr → German: Märtyrer → Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍅𐍂 (martwr) → Hungarian: mártír → Old Irish: martar Old Italian: martore → Italian: martire Lombard: màrtul Neapolitan: marture → Norwegian: martyr → Old Occitan: Catalan: màrtir Occitan: martir → Old Galician-Portuguese: Galician: mártir Portuguese: mártir Romanian: martor Sardinian: màrturu Sicilian: màrtiri → Scottish Gaelic: martair → Spanish: mártir→ Tagalog: martir → Swedish: martyr === References === “martyr”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press "martyr", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887) == Norman == === Etymology === From Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Noun === martyr m (plural martyrs) (religion) martyr == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Noun === martyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrer, definite plural martyrene) martyr ==== Related terms ==== martre martyrdød martyrium === References === “martyr” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Noun === martyr m (definite singular martyren, indefinite plural martyrar, definite plural martyrane) martyr ==== Related terms ==== martyrdød martyrium === References === “martyr” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Alternative forms === martyre, martir === Etymology === Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmɑr.tyr/, [ˈmɑrˠ.tyr] === Noun === martyr m martyr late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints ==== Declension ==== Strong a-stem: ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “martyr”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Swedish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -yːr === Noun === martyr c martyr ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== martyrskap === Further reading === “martyr”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “martyr”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)