kawula

== Indonesian == === Alternative forms === kaula === Etymology === Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- +‎ *wula. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [kaˈwula] Hyphenation: ka‧wu‧la === Noun === kawula (plural kawula-kawula) servant Synonyms: abdi, hamba slave Synonym: budak === Pronoun === kawula (archaic) I (me, my) Synonym: saya === Derived terms === === Related terms === === Further reading === “kawula”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Javanese == === Romanization === kawula romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ == Malay == === Alternative forms === kaula kaola (Bahasa Dalam Brunei) === Etymology === Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). === Pronunciation === (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /kaˈwula/ [kaˈwu.la] (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA(key): /kaˈwulə/ [kaˈwu.lə], /ˈkawlə/ [ˈkau̯.lə] (Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?) Rhymes: -ulə, -lə, -ə === Noun === kawula (Javanese) slave === Pronoun === kawula (Javanese) I (me, my) ==== Synonyms ==== aku saya === Further reading === "kawula" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Old Javanese == === Etymology === Unknown, probably wula +‎ ka-. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ka.wu.la/ Rhymes: -la Hyphenation: ka‧wu‧la === Noun === kawula servant, follower, subject ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)→ Indonesian: kawula→ Malay: kawula, kaola === Further reading === "kawula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.