hard

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) enPR: häd, IPA(key): /hɑːd/ (General American) enPR: härd, IPA(key): /hɑɹd/ Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d === Etymology 1 === From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). ==== Adjective ==== hard (comparative harder or more hard, superlative hardest or most hard) (of material or fluid) Solid and firm. Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut, or penetrate. Synonyms: resistant, solid, stony; see also Thesaurus:hard Antonym: soft (of drink or drugs) Strong. Synonym: strong Antonym: low-alcohol (of a normally nonalcoholic drink) Containing alcohol. Antonyms: alcohol-free, soft, non-alcoholic (oenology) Very acidic or tannic. 2002, Robert M. Parker (Jr.), Pierre-Antoine Rovani, Parker's Wine Buyer's Guide (page 175) While most 1974s remain hard, tannic, hollow wines lacking ripeness, flesh, and character, a number of the Graves estates did produce surprisingly spicy, interesting wines. (of water) High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium. (physics, of a ferromagnetic material) Having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft). (physics, of electromagnetic radiation) Having a high energy (high frequency; short wavelength). (photography, of light) Made up of parallel rays, producing clearly defined shadows. (personal or social) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty. Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with. Synonyms: confusing, difficult, puzzling, tough, tricky; see also Thesaurus:difficult Antonyms: easy, simple, straightforward, trite Demanding a lot of effort to endure. Synonyms: difficult, intolerable, tough, unbearable Antonyms: bearable, easy Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal. Synonyms: harsh, hostile, severe, strict, tough, unfriendly; see also Thesaurus:stern (dated) Difficult to resist or control; powerful. (military) Hardened; having unusually strong defences. (slang) Tough, muscular, badass. (slang) Excellent, impressive. Unquestionable; unequivocal. Synonyms: incontrovertible, indubitable, unambiguous, unequivocal, unquestionable (of a road intersection) Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle. (slang, vulgar) Sexually aroused; having an erect penis. Antonyms: soft, flaccid (bodybuilding) Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise. (phonetics, not comparable) Fortis. Antonym: soft Plosive. Unvoiced. (Slavic phonology) Velarized or plain, rather than palatalized. (art) Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment. Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading. (not comparable) In a physical form, not digital. Using a manual or physical process, not by means of a software command. (politics) Far, extreme. Of silk: not having had the natural gum boiled off. (finance) Of a market: having more demand than supply; being a seller's market. Antonym: soft (pornography) Hardcore. ===== Derived terms ===== English terms starting with “hard” ===== Related terms ===== hardpeer hardy ===== Descendants ===== → Finnish: haarti → Spanish: hard ===== Translations ===== ==== Adverb ==== hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest) (manner) With much force or effort. (manner) With difficulty. (obsolete) So as to raise difficulties. (manner) Compactly. (now archaic) Near, close. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== hard (countable and uncountable, plural hards) (countable, nautical) A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water. (countable, motor racing) A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums. (uncountable, drugs, slang) Crack cocaine. (uncountable, slang) Hard labor. ===== Derived terms ===== Bucklers Hard === Etymology 2 === From Middle English harden, herden, from Old English heardian (“to become hard”) and hierdan (“to make hard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hardēn and *hardijan, from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. ==== Verb ==== hard (third-person singular simple present hards, present participle harding, simple past and past participle harded) (transitive, obsolete) To make hard, harden. === Anagrams === Dhar == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɦɑrt/ Hyphenation: hard Rhymes: -ɑrt Homophone: hart === Etymology 1 === From Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz. ==== Adjective ==== hard (comparative harder, superlative hardst) hard, strong Antonym: zacht (economics, of a currency) strong, not easily devalued unquestionable, uncontestable heartless, unsympathetic (of a person) Antonym: zacht hard, difficult harsh, heavy hard, rich in calcium (of water) Antonym: zacht loud (of sound) Synonym: luid Antonym: zacht fast Synonym: snel Antonyms: langzaam, traag ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Jersey Dutch: hārd Negerhollands: hart Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Adverb ==== hard (speed) fast, swiftly very loudly === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== hard inflection of harden: first-person singular present indicative (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative imperative == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from English hard. === Pronunciation === (aspirated h) IPA(key): /aʁd/ === Adjective === hard (plural hards) (of pornography) hardcore === Noun === hard m (plural hards) hardcore pornography hard rock 2014, Christian Eudeline, "Uriah Heep. Look At Yourself", in Du hard rock au métal. Les 100 albums cultes, Gründ (publ.). == Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [haːɾˠd̪ˠ] === Adjective === hard h-prothesized form of ard == Middle English == === Alternative forms === harde === Etymology === From Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hard/ === Adjective === hard hard ==== Descendants ==== English: hard Yola: hard ==== References ==== “hard, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɑːɾ/, /hɑːɽ/ Homophone: har === Adjective === hard (neuter singular hardt, definite singular and plural harde, comparative hardere, indefinite superlative hardest, definite superlative hardeste) hard (not soft) hard, stern, severe hardy ==== Derived terms ==== beinhard hardhet hardkokt hardtslående ==== Related terms ==== forherde herde === References === “hard” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hɑːr/, /hɑːɽ/ Homophone: har === Adjective === hard (neuter hardt, definite singular and plural harde, comparative hardare, indefinite superlative hardast, definite superlative hardaste) hard hard, stern, severe hardy ==== Derived terms ==== beinhard hardkokt knallhard === References === “hard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Saxon == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī). === Adjective === hard (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist) hard ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== hardī ==== Descendants ==== Middle Low German: hart, hārde Low German: hard, hart == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English hard. === Adjective === hard (invariable) hard, heavy, hardcore == Yola == === Etymology === From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hard/ === Adjective === hard hard ==== Derived terms ==== halpish === References === Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88