hag

== Translingual == === Symbol === hag (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Hanga. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Hanga terms == English == === Pronunciation === (without æ-raising before /ɡ/) IPA(key): /ˈhæɡ/, [ˈhæɡ] (æ-raising before /ɡ/) (Upper Midwestern US, Northwestern US, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈheɪ̯ɡ/, [ˈheɪ̯ɡ] Rhymes: -æɡ Hyphenation: hag Homophones: Hague, Haig (æ-raising before /ɡ/) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English hagge, hegge (“demon, old woman”), shortening of Old English hægtesse, hægtes (“harpy, witch”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Häkse (“witch”), Dutch heks, German Hexe (“witch”). Doublet of hex. ==== Noun ==== hag (plural hags) A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; a female wizard. (derogatory) An ugly old woman. (derogatory) An evil woman. (US, slang, sometimes derogatory) A woman. A fury; a she-monster. A hagfish; one of various eel-like fish of the family Myxinidae, allied to the lamprey, with a suctorial mouth, labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. A hagdon or shearwater; one of various sea birds of the genus Puffinus. (obsolete) An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a person's hair. The fruit of the hagberry, Prunus padus. (uncountable, slang) Sleep paralysis. ===== Synonyms ===== (witch or sorceress): See Thesaurus:magician (ugly old woman): See Thesaurus:ugly woman (eel-like marine fish): borer, hagfish, sleepmarken, slime eel, sucker, myxinid (sea bird): hagdon, haglet, shearwater (fruit of the hagberry): bird cherry, hackberry ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English hag (denoting a gap in a cliff), from Old Norse hǫgg (“cut, gap, breach”), derivative of hǫggva (“to hack, hew”). Compare English hew, Old Swedish hug (“blow, stroke”). ==== Noun ==== hag (plural hags) (Northern England) A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or enclosed for felling, or which has been felled. [from 15th c.] A marshy hollow, especially an area of peat lying lower than surrounding moorland, formed by erosion of a gully or cutting and often having steep edges. [from 16th c.] ===== Derived terms ===== moss-hag ===== See also ===== grough ==== Verb ==== hag (third-person singular simple present hags, present participle hagging, simple past and past participle hagged) To cut or erode (as) a hag (a hollow into moorland). 1990, Angélique Day, Patrick McWilliams, Ordnance Survey Memoirs of Ireland: Co. Antrim VIII-IX, page 5: […] on one occasion, where the bog had been cut away, a stump was discovered which bore evident marks of having been hagged [hacked]. === Etymology 3 === From Middle English haggen, from Proto-Germanic *hag(g)ōnan (compare obsolete Dutch hagen (“to torment, agonize”), Norwegian haga (“to tire, weaken”)). ==== Verb ==== hag (third-person singular simple present hags, present participle hagging, simple past and past participle hagged) (transitive) To harass; to weary with vexation. === References === === Further reading === Hag in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911) === See also === hag do (etymologically unrelated) === Anagrams === HGA, GAH, gha, agh, gah == Breton == === Conjunction === hag and ==== Synonyms ==== (before consonants or /j/) ha == Cornish == === Conjunction === hag and ==== Synonyms ==== (before consonants) ha == Danish == === Verb === hag imperative of hage == Mwotlap == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /haɣ̞/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Oceanic *sake (“rise, go up; (go) upwards; (go) southeast”). ==== Directional ==== hag up, upwards up, on top. Locates an object or an action set on a vertically high spot upwards. Qualifies most actions directed upwards, e.g. grow, get up, pick up, etc. (figurative) growing (in age, number, vigour, price…) qualifies the start of an activity (opp. hōw, suggesting the end of an activity) (cardinal reading) south-eastwards, southwards and/or eastwards (as opposed to hōw) (cardinal reading) encodes the same direction (south-east), for short distances ==== Usage notes ==== On the island of Motalava, hag means “following the island lengthwise, from west to east”. Between islands: hag refers to islands to the south (Mota, Gaua, Santo, Efate…), as well as foreign countries (Australia, Europe...). ==== References ==== François, Alexandre. 2026. Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS (Pdf version). → entry hag_1. === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Oceanic *sake, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay (“embark, ride on a canoe”). ==== Verb ==== hag (intransitive) to sit, to be sitting (as opposed to hag hiy ‘to sit down’) to stay, remain somewhere (not necessarily in a seated position) to be in a particular place to remain still, motionless to solidify, either under the impact of the cold (e.g. water into ice), or under the impact of heat (e.g. coconut milk into cream) ==== References ==== François, Alexandre. 2026. Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS (Pdf version). → entry hag_2. == Scots == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English haggen (“to hack, chop, cut”), from Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew”). Compare English hag, above. Noun attested from the 14th century in Older Scots, with the verb from c. 1400. ==== Alternative forms ==== hagg haag, haug ==== Noun ==== hag (plural hags) a notch; a pit or break a stroke of an axe or similar instrument the felling of timber; the quantity of wood felled a quagmire from which peat or turf is cut ==== Verb ==== hag (third-person singular simple present hags, present participle haggin, simple past hagg'd, past participle haggit) to chop (wood); to hack; to dig out (coal etc.) (figurative) to make a hash of (something) to cut down trees and prepare timber === Etymology 2 === Unknown. Perhaps from Etymology 1 above, “to hack”, thus “castrate”. Compare hogg (“a young sheep”). Attested from the 19th century. ==== Noun ==== hag (plural hags) an ox a cattleman, one who raises cattle or oxen Synonym: hagman === Etymology 3 === From Icelandic hagga (“to budge; to put out of place”). Attested from the 20th century. ==== Verb ==== hag (third-person singular simple present hags, present participle haggin, simple past hagg'd, past participle haggit) to hinder; to impede === References === “hag, v1, n1.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC. “hag, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC. “hag, v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC. “haggen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. “hag, n2.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC. “hag, v2.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, →OCLC.