gen

== Translingual == === Etymology === Abbreviation of English Geman Deng. === Symbol === gen (international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 639-3 language code for Geman Deng. == English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /d͡ʒɛn/ Homophones: Jen, Gen Rhymes: -ɛn === Etymology 1 === Clipping of general. ==== Noun ==== gen (uncountable) (chiefly UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, informal) Information. (birdwatching) Information about the location of a bird. (fandom slang) Fan fiction that does not specifically focus on romance or sex. ===== Synonyms ===== (fan fiction): genfic ==== Adjective ==== gen (not comparable) general ===== Derived terms ===== ==== See also ==== genned in gen up === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== gen (plural gens) Alternative letter-case form of Gen (“member of the Gen Movement”). === Etymology 3 === Shortened from generate and generator. ==== Verb ==== gen (third-person singular simple present gens, present participle genning, simple past and past participle genned) To generate using an automated process, especially a computer program. genned with a LLM ==== Noun ==== gen (plural gens) (slang) A generator (device that converts mechanical to electrical energy). Synonym: genny === Etymology 4 === Shortened from genetic engineering ==== Verb ==== gen (third-person singular simple present gens, present participle genning, simple past and past participle genned) (science fiction) To genetically engineer. === Etymology 5 === Etymology unknown. Possibilities include: Clipping of argent Clipping of generalise, from back slang for English shilling. ==== Noun ==== gen (plural gens) (obsolete, UK, slang) A shilling. === Etymology 6 === Clipping of generation. ==== Noun ==== gen (plural gens) (informal) A generation (group of people born in a specific range of years). (informal, in combination) A specific version of something in a chronological sequence. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 7 === ==== Adverb ==== gen (not comparable) (Internet slang) Clipping of genuinely. === Anagrams === Neg, ENG, neg, Eng., eng, neg., eng., NGE, /neg, NEG == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Gen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈʒɛn] IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈd͡ʒen] === Noun === gen m (plural gens) gene ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “gen” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962. “gen” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. “gen”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “gen”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Cornish == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Brythonic *gen, from Proto-Celtic *genus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus. Cognate with Gaulish gena, Irish gion, and Welsh gên. ==== Noun ==== gen f (dual diwen, plural genyow) jaw === Etymology 2 === See gans. ==== Preposition ==== gen (Revived Late Cornish) alternative form of gans (“with”) ===== Inflection ===== === Mutation === == Czech == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Gen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɡɛn] Hyphenation: gen Rhymes: -ɛn === Noun === gen m inan gene ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “gen”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “gen”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “gen”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Danish == === Etymology 1 === From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication. ==== Noun ==== gen n (singular definite genet, plural indefinite gener) (genetics) gene ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== gen imperative of genne === References === “gen” in Den Danske Ordbog == Dutch == === Etymology === From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being”). Coined by the Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɣɛn/ === Noun === gen n (plural genen, no diminutive) gene ==== Descendants ==== → Indonesian: gen === Anagrams === eng == German == === Etymology === From Middle High German gēn, gein, from gegen with elision of intervocalic -g- (compare Getreide, Maid). Doublet of gegen (“against”). Cognate with Yiddish קיין (keyn). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡeːn/, /ɡɛn/ Homophones: gehn, Gen (according to the first pronunciation) === Preposition === gen [with accusative] (literary, somewhat dated) in the direction; to; towards (a place or time) gen Norden ― to the north, northwards gen Abend ― towards the evening, in the late afternoon ==== Synonyms ==== (in) Richtung (place); gegen (time) === Further reading === “gen” in Duden online “gen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Haitian Creole == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡɛ̃/ === Verb === gen contraction of genyen === References === Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎[5], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 74 == Icelandic == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Gen. === Noun === gen n (genitive singular gens, nominative plural gen) gene ==== Declension ==== == Indonesian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch gen. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛn/ [ˈɡen] Rhymes: -ɛn Syllabification: gen === Noun === gen (plural gen-gen) (genetics) gene (a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms) ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “gen”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Italian == === Noun === gen m alternative form of gen.: abbreviation of gennaio (“January”) Coordinate terms: feb, mar, apr, mag, giu, lug, ago, set, ott, nov, dic == Japanese == === Romanization === gen Rōmaji transcription of げん Rōmaji transcription of ゲン == Malay == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch gen (“gene”), from German Gen (which was coined by Danish biologist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen in a German-language publication), from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡen/ Rhymes: -en === Noun === gen (plural gen-gen or gen2) gene (genetics) a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair colour. (molecular biology) locus: a segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein. ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === "gen" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Mandarin == === Romanization === gen nonstandard spelling of gēn nonstandard spelling of gén nonstandard spelling of gěn nonstandard spelling of gèn ==== Usage notes ==== Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone. == Middle English == === Preposition === gen alternative form of gain (“against”) == Mwotlap == === Etymology === From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣani, from Proto-Oceanic *kani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən. Cognate with Vurës gen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɣɛn/ === Verb === gen to eat (meat, vegetables) to suffer (something unpleasant) to acquire (an honorific rank) (transitive) (fire) to burn something (intransitive) (fire) to burn ==== Derived terms ==== gengen === References === François, Alexandre. 2026. Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS (Pdf version). – entry gen. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Noun === gen n (definite singular genet, indefinite plural gener, definite plural gena or genene) (biology) a gene ==== Usage notes ==== Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine. The form genen was then made obsolete. === References === “gen” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Noun === gen n (definite singular genet, indefinite plural gen, definite plural gena) (biology) a gene ==== Usage notes ==== Prior to a revision in 2020, this noun was also considered grammatically masculine. The forms genen, genar, and genane were then made obsolete. === References === “gen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /jeːn/ Rhymes: -eːn === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Germanic *ju. ==== Adverb ==== ġēn still, yet === Etymology 2 === At least partly, a variant of ġēan ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /jeːn/ ==== Adverb ==== ġēn again, further === Etymology 3 === Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gagniz (“near, close”), see *gagin. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /jeːn/ ==== Adjective ==== ġēn short, direct, near (in distance) === References === Vladimir Orel (2003), “*ʒaʒniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122 Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “gén”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. == Old High German == === Etymology === The form gēn appears early on in Bavarian, later spreading to eastern and southern Franconian and to the newly developing East Central German. Its origins are unknown. One theory invokes the original paradigm of Proto-West Germanic *gān, which had *ai in the 2nd and 3rd persons singular of the present; compare Middle Low German gân > he geit, modern Colognian jonn > hä jeiht, etc. The Old High German ē might thus be explained as a compromise vowel between ā and ei. What lends credence to this theory is the fact that Old High German ē cannot have developed regularly in the given position, as *ai becomes ē only before h, r, w, and word-finally. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡeːn/, (early) [ɡɛːn] === Verb === gēn alternative form of gān (“to go”) ==== Descendants ==== Middle High German: gēn German: gehen, gehn === See also === stēn == Old Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡʲen/ === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Celtic *gʷenom. ==== Noun ==== gen n or f smile, laugh sport, levity ===== Inflection ===== The Dictionary of the Irish Language believes that this was a u-stem, while Matasović disputes this classification since *giun would be expected from such a stem due to raising and u-infection; he declares it an o-stem. All forms except the nominative are unattested. ===== Derived terms ===== gentraige === Etymology 2 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== gen f sword ===== Inflection ===== === Mutation === === References === == Old Occitan == === Adjective === gen m (feminine singular genta, masculine plural gens, feminine plural gentas) attractive; pleasing; nice; fair; pleasant 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour(Wikisource) === References === Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “genitus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 103 == Polish == === Etymology === Internationalism; compare English gene, French gène, German Gen, ultimately from Ancient Greek γενεᾱ́ (geneā́). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɡɛn/ Rhymes: -ɛn Syllabification: gen Homophone: -gen === Noun === gen m inan (related adjective genowy) (genetics) gene (theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; it may take several values and, in principle, predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color) (literary) gene (trait inherited from ancestors) ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === gen in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN gen in Polish dictionaries at PWN gen in PWN's encyclopedia == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin genus. The particle sense is likely to be a semantic loan from English like. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /d͡ʒen/ Rhymes: -en === Noun === gen n (plural genuri) type, sort, kind Synonyms: fel, soi, tip ceva de genul (informal) ― something of the sort (dated) way of being, manner, attitude genre (grammar) gender (sociology) gender (taxonomy) genus ==== Declension ==== === Particle === gen (colloquial) Filler word: like. Precedes a quotation or description: like. ==== Derived terms ==== fi gen === References === “gen”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026 == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Gen. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈxen/ [ˈxẽn] Rhymes: -en Syllabification: gen === Noun === gen m (plural genes) gene ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “gen”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse gegn (“straight, direct”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /jeːn/ ==== Adjective ==== gen (comparative genare, superlative genast) gain; short, direct ===== Related terms ===== gena genväg framgent === Etymology 2 === From German Gen. ==== Noun ==== gen c gene ===== Declension ===== ===== Related terms ===== genetik genetisk genom === References === “gen”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “gen”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “gen”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === eng. == Tok Pisin == === Etymology === From English again. === Adverb === gen again == Turkish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɟæn/ === Etymology 1 === From Ottoman Turkish كیك (geñ), from Proto-Turkic *kēŋ (“wide, broad”). Cognate with Yakut киэҥ (kieŋ, “wide”), Bashkir киң (kiñ), Kazakh кең (keñ), etc. ==== Adjective ==== gen (obsolete, dialectal) wide Synonym: geniş Antonym: dar ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== genel genleşmek === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== gen (definite accusative geni, plural genler) (colloquial) A field that wasn't plowed for several years. === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from French gene. ==== Noun ==== gen (definite accusative geni, plural genler) (biology) gene ===== Declension ===== == Vietnamese == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from French gène. ==== Alternative forms ==== gien ==== Pronunciation ==== (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zɛn˧˧], [ɣɛn˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [jɛŋ˧˧], [ɣɛŋ˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [jɛŋ˧˧], [ɣɛŋ˧˧] Phonetic spelling: gien, ghen ==== Noun ==== gen gene ===== Usage notes ===== This is one of the rare cases in which a word's pronunciation differs from its spelling. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from English gen, or English gen AI. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [zɛn˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [jɛŋ˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [jɛŋ˧˧] Phonetic spelling: gien ==== Verb ==== gen (neologism) to generate something using a generative AI == Vurës == === Etymology === From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣani, from Proto-Oceanic *kani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən. Cognate with Māori kai, Malay makan. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɣɛn/ === Verb === gen to eat (foods other than meat) ==== Derived terms ==== gengen === References === == Welsh == === Alternative forms === gennyf, gin === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɡɛn/ === Pronoun === gen (colloquial) first/second-person singular of gan == Zhuang == === Etymology === From Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”). Cognate with Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn), Northern Thai ᨡᩯ᩠ᨶ, Lao ແຂນ (khǣn), Lü ᦶᦃᧃ (ẋaen), Tai Dam ꪵꪄꪙ, Shan ၶႅၼ် (khěn). === Pronunciation === (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /keːn˨˦/ Tone numbers: gen1 Hyphenation: gen === Noun === gen (1957–1982 spelling gen) (anatomy) arm == Zou == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ɡěːn] Hyphenation: gen === Verb === ge̋n (stem II [please provide]) (transitive) to say (transitive) to tell === References === Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 82 Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41