gender

== English == === Alternative forms === (grammar: grammatical gender): g. (abbreviation) === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛndə/ (US) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ) Hyphenation: gen‧der === Etymology 1 === From Middle English gendre, borrowed from Old French gendre, borrowed from Latin genere (“type, kind”). Doublet of genre and genus. The verb developed after the noun. ==== Noun ==== gender (countable and uncountable, plural genders) (obsolete) Class; kind. [14th–19th c.] (now sometimes proscribed) Sex (a category, either male or female, into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species). [from 15th c.] the gene is activated in both genders The effect of the medication is dependent upon age, gender, and other factors. 1723, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, letter, 7 December: To say truth, I have never had any great esteem for the generality of the fair sex; and my only consolation for being of that gender has been the assurance it gave me of never being married to any one among them […] . Identification as a man, a woman, or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis. (Compare gender role, gender identity.) [from 20th c.] (grammar) A division of nouns and pronouns (and sometimes of other parts of speech) into masculine or feminine, and sometimes other categories like neuter or common, and animate or inanimate. [from 14th c.] (grammar) Synonym of voice (“particular way of inflecting or conjugating verbs”). (hardware) The quality which distinguishes connectors, which may be male (fitting into another connector) and female (having another connector fit into it), or genderless or androgynous (capable of fitting together with another connector of the same type). [from 20th c.] ===== Usage notes ===== Sometimes, sex and gender are distinguished. (Compare etymology 1, noun sense 2 with etymology 1, noun sense 3.) Etymology 1, noun sense 1 has seen a recent revival on the Internet, as in: "fantasy worlds with a giant tree in the middle have to be one of my favorite genders". However, this is ultimately a meta-ironic usage of etymology 1, noun sense 3. ===== Synonyms ===== (class or kind): genre (biological sex): sex (categorization): gendersex (grammar, of verbs): voice ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== (sex) female, male, hermaphroditic; man, woman, hermaphrodite (identification) genderqueer, bigender, non-binary, transgender, androgyne, crossdresser, hijra, kathoey, transsexual, two-spirit (grammar) common, feminine, masculine, neuter ==== Verb ==== gender (third-person singular simple present genders, present participle gendering, simple past and past participle gendered) (sociology) To assign a gender to (a person); to perceive as having a gender; to address using terms (pronouns, nouns, adjectives...) that express a certain gender. (sociology) To perceive (a thing) as having characteristics associated with a certain gender, or as having been authored by someone of a certain gender. ===== Related terms ===== misgender ungender, degender regender ===== Translations ===== ==== Adjective ==== gender (comparative more gender, superlative most gender) (transgender slang) Evoking positive feelings regarding gender, like gender euphoria or gender envy. === Etymology 2 === From Middle English gendren, genderen, from Middle French gendrer, from Latin generāre. ==== Verb ==== gender (third-person singular simple present genders, present participle gendering, simple past and past participle gendered) (archaic) To engender. 1854, Robert Gordon (D.D., Minister of the Free High Church, Edinburgh.), Christ as Made Known to the Ancient Church: an Exposition of the Revelation of Divine Grace, as Unfolded in the Old Testament Scriptures, page 400: […] being a stranger to those restrictions which were afterwards laid on his posterity by the Mosaic law, and which gendered a servile frame of spirit. (archaic or obsolete) To breed. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from Indonesian gender, from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦂ (gendèr), from Old Javanese gĕnder. ==== Alternative forms ==== gendèr ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɡənˈdɛː(r)/ ==== Noun ==== gender (plural genders) An Indonesian musical instrument resembling a xylophone, used in gamelan music. === Further reading === gender in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “gender”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. “gender”, in Collins English Dictionary, 2011–present. “gender, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. “gender”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. “gender”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. “gender”, in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2026 === Anagrams === gerned == Dutch == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English gender. Doublet of genre and genus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɣɛn.dər/, /ˈdʒɛn.dər/ Hyphenation: gen‧der === Noun === gender m or n (plural genders, no diminutive) gender (mental analog of sex) ==== Usage notes ==== Dutch lacks words to distinguish gender from sex, using the words geslacht or sekse to encompass both concepts. The term gender in Dutch has been recently introduced for cases when a clear distinction is needed, such as in the distinction between transgender (feeling oneself to be different from one's birth sex) and transsexual (having or desiring the sexual organs of the sex opposite to those one had at birth). ==== Derived terms ==== == German == === Pronunciation === === Verb === gender inflection of gendern: first-person singular present singular imperative == Indonesian == === Etymology 1 === Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English gender, from Middle English gendre, gender (see also gendres), from Middle French gendre, genre, from Latin genus (“kind, sort”). Doublet of genus, genre, and jenis. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛndər/ [ˈɡen.dər] Rhymes: -ɛndər Syllabification: gen‧der ==== Noun ==== gèndêr (plural gender-gender) gender: sex (a category, either male or female, into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species) Synonyms: jantina, jenis kelamin, kelamin, seks identification as a man, a woman, or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦂ (gendèr), from Old Javanese gĕnder. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɡənˈdɛr/ Rhymes: -dɛr, -ɛr, -r Hyphenation: gên‧dèr ==== Noun ==== gêndèr (plural gender-gender) (music) a Javanese gamelan instrument === Further reading === “gender”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Polish == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English gender. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʐɛn.dɛr/ Rhymes: -ɛndɛr Syllabification: gen‧der === Adjective === gender (not comparable, no derived adverb) (humanities, relational) genderism Synonym: genderowy === Noun === gender m inan (indeclinable) gender (identification as a man, a woman, or something else) (humanities) gender studies, genderism Synonyms: gender studies, genderyzm ==== Declension ==== Indeclinable or ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === gender in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN gender in Polish dictionaries at PWN