foulen

== German == === Etymology === Foul +‎ -en === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /faʊ̯lən/ Homophone: faulen === Verb === foulen (weak, third-person singular present foult, past tense foulte, past participle gefoult, auxiliary haben) (sports) to foul (to make contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage) ==== Conjugation ==== === Further reading === “foulen” in Duden online “foulen”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[1] (in German) == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old English fūlian, from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn; by surface analysis, foul (“foul”) +‎ -en. The "damage" sense may be a semantic loan from Old French fouler. ==== Alternative forms ==== foule fule (Early Middle English); fowle (Late Middle English) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈfuːlən/ ==== Verb ==== foulen (third-person singular simple present fouleth, present participle foulende, foulynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fouled) (ambitransitive) To dirty or foul; to make or become dirty. Synonym: defoulen (ambitransitive) To damage or destroy; to seriously harm: Synonym: defoulen To pollute or defile; to make unclean or impure. Synonym: defoulen (rare) To disfigure or mutilate; to damage something's appearance. Synonym: defoulen (intransitive, rare) To defecate; to deposit feces. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: foul ===== References ===== “fǒulen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === Inherited from Old English fuglian, fugelian, from Proto-West Germanic *fuglōn; by surface analysis, foul (“bird”) +‎ -en. ==== Alternative forms ==== fowle (Late Middle English); ffewle (Catholicon Anglicum); fowlyn (Promptorium Parvulorum) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈfuːlən/ ==== Verb ==== foulen (third-person singular simple present fouleth, present participle foulende, foulynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fouled) (ambitransitive) To fowl; to hunt birds. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: fowl ===== References ===== “fǒulen, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.