foule

== English == === Adjective === foule (comparative more foule, superlative most foule) Obsolete form of foul. === See also === foule mudammas (etymologically unrelated) == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ful/ Rhymes: -ul Homophones: foulent, foules === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”), alteration (due to Middle French foule (“act of treading”)) of Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Early Medieval Latin fulcus, from Frankish *folc, *fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”), Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”). More at folk. For the loss of c after l, compare Old French mareschal, seneschal, etc. ==== Noun ==== foule f (plural foules) crowd the thronging of a crowd a great number, multitude, mass; host ===== Derived terms ===== bain de foule === Etymology 2 === From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full. ==== Noun ==== foule f (plural foules) the act or process of treading or milling oppression, vexation ==== Verb ==== foule inflection of fouler: first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive second-person singular imperative === Further reading === “foule”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === floue == German == === Pronunciation === === Verb === foule inflection of foulen: first-person singular present first/third-person singular subjunctive I singular imperative == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old English fūle (“foully”); by surface analysis, foul (“foul”) +‎ -e (adverbial suffix). ==== Alternative forms ==== ffoule, foul fule (Early Middle English or Northern); fowle, foylle (Late Middle English) full (Lincolnshire); fulle (North Riding) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈfuːl(ə)/ ==== Adverb ==== foule In an ugly or displeasing way; unattractively, unpleasantly: Filthily; in a dirty or revolting manner. Synonym: foully Noxiously, poisonously (especially of smells) In an improper or incorrect way; inappropriately: Synonym: foully Sinfully, deceitfully; while violating morals. Disgracefully, shamefully; in a humiliating way. Harshly, forcefully; in a severe way. Synonym: foully Unfortunately; through bad luck. Synonym: foully ===== Descendants ===== English: foul ===== References ===== “fǒul(e, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === ==== Adjective ==== foule inflection of foul (“foul”): weak singular strong/weak plural (especially Late Middle English) alternative form of foul (“foul”) === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== foule alternative form of foulen (“to foul”) == Norman == === Etymology === From Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Vulgar Latin, from Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). === Noun === foule f (plural foules) (Jersey) crowd ==== Synonyms ==== fliotchet