estoper

== Old French == === Alternative forms === estuper, estouper, estopper === Verb === estoper to stop up, block, plug to stiffen, thicken ==== Conjugation ==== This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ps, *-pt are modified to s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide. ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: estouper, estoupper, estoper French: étouper ⇒ Old French: estopaille, estoupaille, estoupaile Middle French: estoupail, estouppal French: étoupail (dialectal) → Middle English: stoupaille, stoppaile English: estoppel → Middle English: estoppen English: estop