-tum

== German == === Alternative forms === -thum, -thumb (obsolete) === Etymology === From Middle High German -tuom, from Old High German -tuom, from Proto-West Germanic *-dōm, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz (“-dom”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos (“thing put”). Cognate with English -dom, Dutch -dom, Danish -dom, Swedish -dom. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tuːm/, [tuːm] === Suffix === -tum n or (rare) m (strong, genitive -tums or (less common) -tumes, plural -tümer) A suffix used to derive abstract nouns: -dom ==== Usage notes ==== Generally neuter. The masculine only lingers in a few isolated cases, most notably Irrtum and Reichtum. ==== Declension ==== ==== See also ==== === References === == Latin == === Etymology 1 === Nominalization of -tum (neuter singular forms of -tus (forming possessive adjectives)); the process from adjective to noun can still be seen in arbustus (“planted with trees”) → arbustum (“a place planted with trees, orchard”). Later widely supplanted by collateral -ētum. salictum/salicētum might suggest that other derivatives have been leveled through -ētum. ==== Suffix ==== -tum n (genitive -tī); second declension (horticulture) used to form nouns from certain plant or tree names to denote a place where the species grows or is made to grow; grove, thicket, woods; orchard, plantation, -yard, garden ‎cārex (“sedge”) + ‎-tum → ‎cārectum (“a sedge-bed”) ‎frutex (“a shrub”) + ‎-tum → ‎frutectum (“a shrubbery, thicket”) ===== Alternative forms ===== -ētum -ctum ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Suffix ==== -tum inflection of -tus (forming participles and possessive adjectives): masculine accusative singular neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular; often substantivized: ‎fūr + ‎-tum → ‎fūrtum ‎iubeō + ‎-tum → ‎iussum ===== Alternative forms ===== -sum (after t or d) === Etymology 2 === See -tus (forming action nouns). ==== Suffix ==== -tum suffix forming the accusative supine of verbs ==== Suffix ==== -tum accusative singular of -tus === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Suffix ==== -tūm accusative singular of -tūs == Luxembourgish == === Alternative forms === -tem (still optionally in a few cases), -tom (obsolete) === Etymology === From Middle High German -dūm, -dōm, West Central German variant of -tuom, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz. The modern -t- is generalized from position after voiceless consonants, likely reinforced by German -tum (but cf. similarly Dutch -te). The modern -u- must also be influenced by German. (While it could be native per se, the lack of an according plural *-timer makes this unlikely.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [tum], (after an unstressed syllable) [ˌtum] === Suffix === -tum m (plural -temer) nominal suffix: -dom