-ate

== English == === Pronunciation === (adjectives, nouns) IPA(key): /ət/ (verbs, adjectives, nouns, chemistry) IPA(key): /eɪt/ === Etymology 1 === First attested in the 15th century; borrowed from Latin -ātus, the perfect passive participle ending of first conjugation verbs, also used to form participial adjectives from nouns. Before -ate was introduced as a suffix in Middle English, Latin-borrowed participial adjectives were written with final -at (Middle English desolat for modern desolate) and could also be used as past participles (see degenerate or communicate for remnants of it) with or without a corresponding verb ending in -aten; see Etymology 2. Doublet of -ee and, distantly, of -ed. ==== Suffix ==== -ate (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ate, superlative most -ate) forms adjectives with meaning "having the specified thing" Synonyms: -ed, -ous lobate — “having lobes, lobed” forms adjectives with meaning "characterized by the specified thing" Italianate — “characterized by Italian features” forms adjectives with meaning "resembling the specified thing" palmate — “resembling the palm” ==== Suffix ==== -ate (obsolete) up until Early Modern English, formed regular past participles of verbs ending in -ate. Rare afterwards except in archaizing poetry or religious writing. The alternative ending -ated was used from as early as Middle English. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === See Etymology 1. In Middle English, verbs were derived from Latin-borrowed participial adjectives (also used as their past participles) and formed their infinitives in -aten (see -en; Middle English desolaten for modern desolate). In the 15th century, the loss of most verbal morphology made verbs formally identical to adjectives. This led to the heteronymy of Middle English verbs in -aten with their corresponding past participles, numerous adjectives in -ate being used as verbs, and, in the late 16th century, the systematic borrowing of such Latin participles as English verbs. The sheer number of newly borrowed verbs from Latin ending in -ate later gave rise to -ate's productivity as a verbal suffix. ==== Suffix ==== -ate (verb-forming suffix, third-person singular simple present -ates, present participle -ating, simple past and past participle -ated) derives verbs (mostly) from Latin stems formulate ← fōrmula phonate ← φωνή (phōnḗ) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 3 === From the substantivization of perfect passive participles of first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Partly taken from French animate substantives that began to be Latinized during the 14th century: see French avoué and its re-Latinized version avocat, whence English advocate which underwent further re-Latinization. Partly from inanimate substantives taken from neuter forms of Latin participles: see mandate. French -é (e.g., avoué, employé) later gave English -ee. ==== Suffix ==== -ate (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates) (rare) forms nouns meaning "person or thing that is either the object of a performed transitive verb or the subject of an intransitive one" Synonym: -ee affiliate — “a person having been affiliated; literally, affiliated” ‎diffus(e) + ‎-ate → ‎diffusate (“in a process of dialysis, material that has diffused”) (obsolete) forms nouns meaning "person or thing that is the subject of a transitive verb" (Can we verify(+) this sense?) ‎assassin + ‎-ate → ‎assassinate (“an assassin”) (biology) forms nouns meaning "specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in -ata" articulate — “An animal of the taxon Articulata” ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 4 === From the substantivization of perfect passive participle from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Used so to denote a product having been subjected to the said chemical and thus derived by it (e.g., plumbum acētātum (“acetated lead”) → acetate (“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)). ==== Suffix ==== -ate (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates) (chemistry) forms derivatives of specified elements or compounds; especially salts or esters of an acid whose name ends in -ic acetate — “a salt or ester of acetic acid” ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 5 === From the Latin abstract-noun-forming suffix -ātus, -ātūs. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle English, dates, etc.”) ==== Suffix ==== -ate (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates) forms nouns denoting a rank or office emirate — “the office of an emir” forms nouns denoting the concrete charge, context of a rank or office emirate — “the realm of an emir” forms nouns denoting a group of officials associated with a rank or office triumvirate — “an official group of three men, triumvirs” forms nouns denoting a social or political system ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office patriarchate — “a social system in which heads of household (patriarchs) hold the power” forms nouns denoting a state (government) ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office emirate — “a state ruled by an emir” forms nouns denoting a state associated with one's social situation celibate — “the state of being a bachelor, celibacy” Synonym: -cy ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Anagrams === eta, æt., eat, Tea, AET, aet, tea, a.e.t., ETA, aet., TEA === References === == Esperanto == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈ-ate/ Rhymes: -ate Syllabification: -a‧te === Suffix === -ate present adverbial passive participle of -i == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /at/ === Suffix === -ate m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ates) (chemistry, in nouns) -ate ‎benzo- (“benzo-”) + ‎-ate → ‎benzoate (“benzoate”) == Italian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa.te/ Rhymes: -ate Hyphenation: -à‧te === Etymology 1 === Feminine plural of -ato. From Latin -ātās, feminine accusative plural of -ātus. ==== Suffix ==== -ate f pl (non-lemma form of past participle-forming suffix) used with a suffix to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -are verbs ==== Suffix ==== -ate f (proper noun-forming suffix) common suffix of various towns in Lombardy, that usually indicates belonging to a person or a family === Etymology 2 === From Latin -ātis (second-person plural present active indicative ending). The imperative comes from Latin -ate. ==== Suffix ==== -ate (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix) used with a stem to form the second-person plural present and imperative of regular -are verbs === Anagrams === -eta, -età, eta, età == Japanese == === Romanization === -ate Rōmaji transcription of あて == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaː.tɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː.te] === Etymology 1 === ==== Suffix ==== -āte second-person plural present active imperative of -ō (first conjugation) === Etymology 2 === ==== Suffix ==== -āte vocative masculine singular of -ātus == Ojibwe == === Final === -ate be or be in an interior space, room, house ==== Related terms ==== ate (“be (in a certain place)”) ==== See also ==== biind- (“in, into, inside”) biinde (“be in something”) -ige (“act in relation to a dwelling”) === References === The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/ate-final == Romanian == === Etymology === Feminine plural of -at; from Latin -ātae, feminine nominative plural of -ātus. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈa.te/ === Suffix === -ate (masculine singular -at, feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați) used with a stem to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs. (e.g. lăsate, măsurate, etc.) ==== Derived terms ====