with

== English == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English with, from Old English wiþ (“against, opposite, toward, with”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþi, a shortened form of Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). In Middle English, the word shifted to denote association rather than opposition, displacing Middle English mid (“with”), from Old English mid (“with”), from Proto-Germanic *midi; an earlier model of this meaning shift exists in cognate Old Norse við; elsewhere, the converse meaning shift is exemplified by Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn, “between, amid”) spawning Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “against”) and even likewise frequent reverse meaning 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “from”). The adverb sense is probably a semantic loan from various other Germanic languages, such as German mit, Norwegian med, and Swedish med. ==== Alternative forms ==== wyth, whith (obsolete) (abbreviations): wth, wt (obsolete); w/, w (pronunciation spelling): whit (eye dialect): wi', wit, wit', wid, wif, wiv ==== Pronunciation ==== enPR: wĭth, wĭth, Rhymes: -ɪθ, -ɪð (UK) (Received Pronunciation) (preconsonantal, final) IPA(key): /wɪð/, (rarely) /wɪθ/ (prevocalic) IPA(key): /wɪð/ (Standard Southern British) IPA(key): /wɪð/ (Yorkshire) (preconsonantal, final) IPA(key): /wɪ/ (prevocalic) IPA(key): /wɪð/ (Cockney) (preconsonantal, final) IPA(key): /wɪv/ (prevocalic) IPA(key): /wɪð/ (Northumbria) (preconsonantal) IPA(key): /wɪ/ (prevocalic) IPA(key): /wɪv/ (Scotland) IPA(key): /wɪθ/ (US) (General American) IPA(key): /wɪθ/, /wɪð/ (African-American Vernacular) IPA(key): /wɪt/, /wɪɾ/, /wɪʔ/, /wɪv/, /wɪf/, /wɪ/ (Northwestern US) IPA(key): [wʰɪθ] (Canada, Standard) IPA(key): /wɪθ/, /wɪð/ (Canada, Ottawa Valley) (preconsonantal, final) IPA(key): [wɪt~wɪ(ʔ)], [wɪd] (prevocalic) IPA(key): [wɪθ̠~wɪɾ] (South Asia) (preconsonantal, final) IPA(key): /ʋid̪(h)/, /ʋit̪(ʰ)/ (prevocalic) IPA(key): /ʋid̪(h)/ (Australian) IPA(key): /wɪð/ (New Zealand) IPA(key): /wəθ/, /wəð/ ==== Preposition ==== with Against. In the company of; alongside, close to; near to. In addition to; as an accessory to. Used to add supplemental information, especially to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence. In support of. In regard to. (obsolete) To denote the accomplishment of cause, means, instrument, etc; – sometimes equivalent to by. Using as an instrument; by means of. (obsolete) Using as nourishment; more recently replaced by on. Having, owning. Affected by (a certain emotion or condition). Prompted by (a certain emotion). In the employment of. Considering; taking into account. Synonym: given Keeping up with; understanding; following along. ===== Quotations ===== For quotations using this term, see Citations:with. ===== Synonyms ===== w/ c̄ (medicine) ===== Antonyms ===== without against ===== Derived terms ===== what with withness with it be with ===== Translations ===== ==== Adverb ==== with (not comparable) (regional US, chiefly Midwest and West, informal) Along, together with others, in a group, etc. === Etymology 2 === From Middle English withe, wiþþe, from Old English wiþþe. More at withe. ==== Noun ==== with (plural withs) Alternative form of withe. === References === === Anagrams === Whit, whit == Cornish == === Noun === with soft mutation of gwith == Middle English == === Preposition === with alternative form of wiþ 1300s?, Political, Religious and Love Poems, “An A B C Poem on the Passion of Christ”, ed. Frederick James Furnivall, 1866 1430?, “The Love of Jesus” in Hymns to the Virgin and Christ, ed. Frederick James Furnivall, 1867, p.26 == Old Saxon == === Etymology === A shortened form of withar (against), cognate with Old English wiþ (“against, opposite, toward”) and wiþer. === Preposition === with against, with, toward (Heliand, verse 1883) ==== Related terms ==== withar with- withar- == Southwestern Dinka == === Etymology === Cognate with Shilluk nya weth. === Noun === with (plural wiɛth) arrow needle, pin, quill === References === Dinka-English Dictionary‎[6], 2005