under

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér (“under”) and *h₁entér (“inside”). Akin to German unter, Dutch onder, Danish and Norwegian under; also Old High German untar (“under”), Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within”), Latin infrā (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈʌndə/, [ˈɐn.də(ɹ)] (General American) enPR: ŭnʹ-dər IPA(key): /ˈʌndɚ/, [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ], [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] (Northern England) IPA(key): /ˈʊndə/ Hyphenation: un‧der Rhymes: -ʌndə(ɹ) === Preposition === under Beneath; below; at or to the bottom of, or the area covered or surmounted by. Below the surface of. From one side of to the other, passing beneath. Less than. Subject to. Subordinate to; subject to the control of; in accordance with; in compliance with. Within the category, classification or heading of. (figuratively) In the face of; in response to (some attacking force). Using or adopting (a name, identity, etc.). ==== Synonyms ==== below beneath underneath ==== Antonyms ==== above over ==== Translations ==== === Adverb === under (not comparable) In or to a lower or subordinate position, or a position beneath or below something, physically or figuratively. pulled under by the currents weighed under by worry So as to pass beneath something. There's quite a gap, so you may be able to sneak under. (usually in compounds) Less than what is necessary to be adequate or suitable; insufficient. (informal) In or into an unconscious state. Down to defeat, ruin, or death. ==== Synonyms ==== below beneath ==== Antonyms ==== above over ==== Translations ==== === Adjective === under (comparative more under, superlative most under) Lower; beneath something. (in compounds) underbelly, underside, undershirt, undersecretary In a state of subordination, submission or defeat. (medicine, colloquial) Under anesthesia, especially general anesthesia; sedated. (informal) Having a particular property that is low, especially so as to be insufficient or lacking in a particular respect. This chicken is a bit under. (insufficiently cooked) This bag of apples feels under. (of insufficient weight) My pay packet last week was £10 under. (of insufficient monetary amount) My round of golf today was three under. (under par) ==== Derived terms ==== See also under- === Noun === under (plural unders) The amount by which an actual total is less than the expected or required amount. (informal) Something having a particular property that is low or too low. (gambling) A bet that a particular sporting statistic, such as points scored in a game, will be below a certain stated value. === References === Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The vertical axis", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8 “under”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “under”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === nuder, urned, unred, Ruden, runed, Düren, Duren, ruden, Rendu == Chinese == === Etymology 1 === Clipping of English underwear. ==== Pronunciation ==== ==== Noun ==== under (Hong Kong Cantonese) underwear (Classifier: 條／条 c) ==== References ==== English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese === Etymology 2 === From English under. ==== Pronunciation ==== ==== Verb ==== under (Hong Kong Cantonese) to be under; to be subordinate to 我記憶中，Alan Yeung冇under過我。 [Cantonese, trad.]我记忆中，Alan Yeung冇under过我。 [Cantonese, simp.]ngo5 gei3 jik1 zung1, Alan Yeung mou5 an1 daa4 gwo3 ngo5. [Jyutping]In my memory, Alan Yeung has never worked under me. (Hong Kong Cantonese, photography) to underexpose == Danish == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under, cognate with English under, German unter. ==== Alternative forms ==== u. (abbreviation) ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /on(ˀ)ər/, [ɔnɐ], [ɔnˀɐ] or (as an adverb or at the end of a phrase) IPA(key): /onˀər/, [ˈɔnˀɐ] ==== Preposition ==== under under underneath below during ==== Adverb ==== under under === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą, cognate with English wonder, German Wunder. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /onˀər/, [ˈɔnˀɐ] ==== Noun ==== under n (singular definite underet, plural indefinite undere) wonder marvel miracle ===== Inflection ===== ===== Related terms ===== underfuld underlig undre vidunder === Etymology 3 === Clipping of underdel or underside. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /onər/, [ˈɔnɐ] ==== Noun ==== under c (singular definite underen, plural indefinite undere) bottom (part) ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 4 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /onər/, [ˈɔnɐ] ==== Verb ==== under present tense of unde == Latin == === Verb === under first-person singular present passive subjunctive of undō == Middle English == === Alternative forms === vnder, onder === Etymology === From Old English under, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under. === Preposition === under under among ==== Descendants ==== English: under Scots: unner Yola: unnere ==== References ==== “under, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈʉ̂nːəɾ/, /ˈʉ̂ndəɾ/ Predominantly silent d in the preposition, pronounced /d/ in the noun; but individual speakers may deviate. === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under. ==== Preposition ==== under below; beneath during under ===== Derived terms ===== oppunder under- underveis === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”). ==== Noun ==== under n (definite singular underet or undret, indefinite plural under or undere or undre, definite plural undera or underne or undra or undrene) wonder, marvel, miracle ===== Derived terms ===== underfull underverk vidunder === References === “under” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Alternative forms === poinni (dialectal) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈʉndər/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under. Akin to English under. ==== Preposition ==== under below, beneath, under during ===== Derived terms ===== oppunder under- === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”). Akin to English wonder. ==== Noun ==== under n (definite singular underet, indefinite plural under, definite plural undera) wonder, marvel, miracle ===== Derived terms ===== underverk === References === “under” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Dutch == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *undar === Preposition === under under ==== References ==== Altniederfränkischer Psalm 63 == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under. Compare Old Saxon undar, Old High German untar. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈun.der/ === Preposition === under [with dative (indicating location) or accusative (indicating movement)] under, beneath among ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: under, vnder, onderEnglish: underScots: unnerYola: unnere == Old Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą. === Noun === under n wonder, miracle wonderment, awe, marvel ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Swedish: under == Swedish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɵndɛr/ === Etymology 1 === From Old Swedish undir, from Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under. ==== Preposition ==== under under; below; beneath during, at the same time as ===== Related terms ===== underskatta undertag === Etymology 2 === From Old Swedish under, from Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundrą, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”). ==== Noun ==== under n wonder, miracle ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== underbarn vidunder === See also === på under under tiden === References === “under”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “under”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “under”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === runde, undre