underground

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌʌn.dəˈɡɹaʊnd/, (especially for the noun) /ˈʌn.də.ɡɹaʊnd/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˌʌn.dəɹˈɡɹaʊnd/, (especially for the noun) /ˈʌn.dəɹ.ɡɹaʊnd/ Rhymes: -aʊnd Hyphenation: un‧der‧ground === Etymology 1 === From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under +‎ ground or under- +‎ ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds. ==== Alternative forms ==== under ground, under-ground (now rare) ==== Adjective ==== underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground) (not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth. Synonyms: subterranean, hypogean (figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hidden, Thesaurus:covert (figurative) Of or relating to an art forms (such as music) or subculture that is outside the mainstream, especially one that is unofficial and hidden from the authorities. Synonyms: alternative, unconventional Antonym: mainstream ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Adverb ==== underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground) Below the ground. Synonym: below ground Secretly. Synonyms: clandestinely, in secret, on the quiet ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== underground (plural undergrounds) (geography) The regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines). (chiefly British) Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground. Synonym: underground railway (with definite article) A movement or organization of people who resist political convention. Synonym: resistance (with definite article) A movement or organization of people who resist artistic convention. Synonyms: avant-garde, counterculture ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== underground (third-person singular simple present undergrounds, present participle undergrounding, simple past and past participle undergrounded) To route electricity distribution cables underground. ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== underground simple past and past participle of undergrind === Further reading === “underground”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. “underground”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. “underground, adj. & n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. “underground, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. “underground, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000. == Finnish == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English underground. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɑnder.ɡrɑund/, [ˈɑ̝nde̞rˌɡrɑ̝und] Rhymes: -ɑund === Noun === underground underground (culture) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “underground”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[6] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 4 July 2023 == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from English underground. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /œ̃.dɛʁ.ɡʁawnd/ === Adjective === underground (invariable) underground (outside the mainstream) === Noun === underground m (uncountable) (singular only) the underground (people who resist artistic convention) === Further reading === “underground”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Italian == === Etymology === Borrowed from English underground. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /an.derˈɡrawnd/ Rhymes: -awnd === Noun === l'underground m (invariable) the underground (people who resist artistic convention) === References === == Romanian == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English underground. === Adjective === underground m or f or n (indeclinable) underground ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English underground. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /andeɾˈɡɾaund/ [ãn̪.d̪eɾˈɣ̞ɾãũn̪d̪] IPA(key): /ondeɾˈɡɾaund/ [õn̪.d̪eɾˈɣ̞ɾãũn̪d̪] Rhymes: -aund === Noun === underground m (plural undergrounds) underground (movement) ==== Usage notes ==== According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed. === Further reading === “underground”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025