turbulence

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English turbulence (“turbidity, cloudiness”), from Late Latin turbulentia (“trouble, disquiet”). By surface analysis, turbulent +‎ -ence. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns/ Hyphenation: tur‧bu‧lens === Noun === turbulence (countable and uncountable, plural turbulences) (uncountable) The state or fact of being turbulent or agitated; tempestuousness, disturbance. (uncountable) Disturbance in a gas or fluid, characterized by evidence of internal motion or unrest. (uncountable, aviation) Specifically, a state of agitation or disturbance in the air which is disruptive to an aircraft. (countable) An instance or type of such state or disturbance. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References === == French == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tyʁ.by.lɑ̃s/ === Noun === turbulence f (plural turbulences) turbulence ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “turbulence”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012