tsar

== English == === Alternative forms === czar, tzar, csar === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Caesar and Kaiser. The spelling tsar began to replace the older czar in the nineteenth century. Compare Byzantine Greek Τζαῖσαρ (Tzaîsar). === Pronunciation === (UK) IPA(key): /(t)sɑː/, /zɑː/ (US) IPA(key): /(t)sɑɹ/, /zɑɹ/ (General Australian) IPA(key): /zɐː/, /tsɐː/ Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ) Homophone: Saar === Noun === tsar (plural tsars or (rare) tsari) (historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states. (figuratively) A person with great power; an autocrat. ==== Usage notes ==== (emperor of Russia): Officially, emperors after 1721 were styled imperator (импера́тор (imperátor)) rather than tsar (царь (carʹ)), but the latter term is still commonly applied to them. The term sometimes refers to other rulers, besides those of Russia, e.g. the monarch of Bulgaria (1908-1946). The spelling czar is predominant in figurative and informal senses. Scholarly literature prefers tsar. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Hindustani: Hindi: ज़ार (zār), त्सार (tsār) Urdu: زار (zār), تسار (tsār) → Irish: sár → Japanese: ツァー (tsā) ==== Translations ==== === References === === Anagrams === tars, sart, ARTS, arts., 'rats, tars-, ARTs, rats, Sart, srat, Srta., star, RATs, RAST, Arts, stra., Srta, arts, astr-, TSRA, RTAs, Star, TRAs == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Cèsar. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈtsar] === Noun === tsar m (plural tsars, feminine tsarina, feminine plural tsarines) tsar ==== Derived terms ==== tsarisme tsarista ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “tsar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == French == === Alternative forms === czar, tzar === Etymology === From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tsaʁ/ === Noun === tsar m (plural tsars) czar (Russian nobility) ==== Related terms ==== tsariste tsarisme tsarine ==== Descendants ==== → Persian: تزار (tezâr), تسار (tesâr), تیسار (tisâr), چار (čâr) (rare) === Further reading === “tsar”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === arts, rats, star == Galician == === Noun === tsar m (plural tsares) tsar == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar. === Noun === tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarer, definite plural tsarene) a tsar or czar === References === “tsar” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “tsar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar. === Noun === tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarar, definite plural tsarane) a tsar or czar === References === “tsar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: tsar === Noun === tsar m (plural tsares, feminine tsarina, feminine plural tsarinas) alternative form of czar === Further reading === “tsar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /tsɑːr/, /sɑːr/ === Noun === tsar c tsar ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== tsardöme tsarinna === Further reading === tsar in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker === Anagrams === arts, astr., rast, tars == Tocharian A == === Etymology === From Proto-Tocharian *ṣar, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰésōr, from *ǵʰes-. Cognate with Albanian dorë, Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (keššar). Compare Tocharian B ṣar. === Noun === tsar m hand