trudno

== Old Polish == === Etymology === From trudny + -o. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /trudnɔ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /trudnɔ/ === Adverb === trudno (attested in Lesser Poland) with difficulty cruelly, mercilessly Synonym: trudnie ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: trudno Silesian: trudno === References === B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “trudno”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny +‎ -o. Compare Russian тру́дно (trúdno). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -udnɔ Syllabification: trud‧no === Adverb === trudno (comparative trudniej, superlative najtrudniej) hard, with difficulty [with dative ‘for whom’ and o (+ accusative) ‘to come by what/whom’] Synonyms: ciężko, niełatwo, opornie, (dialectal) potrudno, (dialectal) z potrudna Antonyms: łatwo, nietrudno Chlorek ołowiu jest trudno rozpuszczalny w wodzie. ― Lead chloride is poorly soluble in water. Trudno powiedzieć. ― It's hard to say. Naprawdę trudno tu o pracę. ― It's really hard to get a job here. === Interjection === trudno (often with no) oh well, too bad; expresses acceptance of something unpleasant Synonym: cóż No trudno, będę musiała poprawić ten sprawdzian. ― Oh well, I'll have to retake that exam. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Trivia === According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), trudno is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 22 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 23 times in essays, 25 times in fiction, and 46 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 121 times, making it the 498th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words. === References === === Further reading === trudno in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN trudno in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “trudno”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Małgorzata B. Majewska (18.02.2013), “TRUDNO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century] Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “trudno”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “trudno”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “trudno”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 125 trudno in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === From trȗd. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /trûːdno/ Hyphenation: trud‧no === Adverb === trȗdno (Cyrillic spelling тру̑дно) pregnantly === References === “trudno”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026 == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish trudno. By surface analysis, trudny +‎ -o. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈtrud.nɔ/ Rhymes: -udnɔ Syllabification: trud‧no === Adverb === trudno with difficulty === Further reading === trudno in silling.org