thoái hoá

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === thoái hóa, thoái-hóa === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 退化, composed of 退 (“to back off”) and 化 (“to transform”), from Japanese 退化 (taika), equivalent to thoái +‎ -hoá. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰwaːj˧˦ hwaː˧˦] (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰwaːj˨˩˦ hwaː˨˩˦] (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˦˥ waː˦˥] === Verb === thoái hoá to degenerate, decline or regress === See also === tiến hoá tiến thoái lưỡng nan