thống khổ

التعريفات والمعاني

== Vietnamese == === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 痛苦. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ xo˧˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰow˧˨] (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰow˨˩˦] === Adjective === thống khổ (literary) wretched; miserable; in agony; grievous