sturdy

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections. Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈstɜːdi/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈstɜrdi/ Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)di === Adjective === sturdy (comparative sturdier, superlative sturdiest) Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong. Solid in structure or person. (obsolete) Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality. ==== Synonyms ==== hardy, staunch, stalwart; roboreous (rare), roborean (obsolete) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Noun === sturdy (uncountable) A disease caused by a coenurus infestation in the brain of an animal, especially a sheep or canid; coenurosis. Synonyms: gid, (obsolete) turnsick ==== Derived terms ==== sturdied ==== Translations ==== === References === “sturdy”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. == Middle English == === Alternative forms === stordy, stourdy === Etymology === From Old French estourdi. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈsturdiː/ === Adjective === sturdy bold, valiant; strong in fight, mighty; bellicose ==== Descendants ==== English: sturdy Yola: sturdy ==== References ==== “sturdī, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Yola == === Etymology === From Middle English sturdy, from Old French estourdi. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈstʊrdiː/ === Adjective === sturdy sturdy === References === Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86