spare

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) enPR: spâr, IPA(key): /spɛə(ɹ)/ (General American) enPR: spâr, IPA(key): /spɛɚ/ (General Australian) IPA(key): /speː/ (New Zealand, without the cheer–chair merger) IPA(key): /speə/ (New Zealand, cheer–chair merger) IPA(key): /spiə/ (Scotland) IPA(key): /speɹ/ (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA(key): /spɜː(ɹ)/ Homophones: spear (cheer–chair merger), spur (fair–fur merger) Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English spare, spar, from Old English spær (“sparing, scant”), from Proto-Germanic *sparaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sph₁rós, from the root *speh₁-. Compare Dutch spaar(zaam), German spar(sam) and spär(lich), Swedish spar(sam), Icelandic sparr (“sparing”); also Latin (pro)sperus (“lucky”), Old Church Slavonic споръ (sporŭ, “plentiful”), Albanian shperr (“earn money”), Persian سپار (sepâr, “entrust; deposit”), Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós, “rare”), Sanskrit स्फिर (sphirá, “thick”). ==== Adjective ==== spare (comparative sparer, superlative sparest) Extra. Being more than what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous. Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency. Not occupied or in current use. Not plentiful. Scant; not abundant or plentiful. Austere, stripped down, without what is extraneous. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; not spending much money. Lean; lacking flesh; meager; thin; gaunt. (UK, informal) Very angry; frustrated or distraught. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Welsh: sbâr ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== spare (plural spares) The act of sparing; moderation; restraint. Parsimony; frugal use. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket. That which has not been used or expended. A spare part. (especially) A spare tire. Any car part or comparable machine part in a supply chain. A superfluous or second-best person. Coordinate terms: also-ran, third wheel an heir and a spare (dynastic context) (bowling) The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare. (bowling) The act of knocking down all remaining pins in second ball of a frame; this entitles the pins knocked down on the next ball to be added to the score for that frame. (Canada) A free period; a block of school during which one does not have a class. (Myanmar) assistant or extra hand (typically on buses and lorries) ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English sparen, sparien, from Old English sparian (“to spare, show mercy to, refrain from injuring or destroying”), from Proto-Germanic *sparōną, *sparāną (“to save, keep, spare”), from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to be productive, earn”). Cognate with Scots spar, spare, spair (“to spare”), West Frisian sparje (“to save, spare”), Dutch sparen (“to save, spare”), German sparen (“to save, conserve, economise”), Swedish spara (“to save, save up”), Icelandic spara (“to save, conserve”). ==== Verb ==== spare (third-person singular simple present spares, present participle sparing, simple past and past participle spared) To show mercy, to have mercy on. (intransitive) To desist; to stop; to refrain. (intransitive) To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or forbearance. (transitive) To preserve (someone) from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish, injure, or harm (someone); to show mercy towards. (specifically) To refrain from killing (someone) or having (someone) killed. To keep. (intransitive) To be frugal; to not be profuse; to live frugally; to be parsimonious. (transitive) To keep to oneself; to forbear to impart or give. (transitive) To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some occupation, use, or duty. (transitive) (to give up): To deprive oneself of, as by being frugal; to do without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with. a. 1779, Earl of Roscommon, “The Twenty-second Ode of the First Book of Horace”: Where angry Jove did never spare / One breath of kind and temperate air. ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Welsh: sbario ===== Translations ===== === Anagrams === rapes, après, Pears, prase, as per, Spera, presa, apers, spaer, RESPA, pears, après-, reaps, præs., apres, parse, Rapes, Earps, Asper, Presa, aprés, spear, Spear, Peras, asper, pares, sarpe == Danish == === Etymology 1 === From English spare. Related to the following verb. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /spɛːr/, [ˈsb̥ɛɐ̯], [ˈsb̥æɐ̯] ==== Noun ==== spare c (singular definite sparen, plural indefinite spare or spares) (bowling) spare (the act of knocking down all remaining pins in second ball of a frame) ===== Declension ===== ==== References ==== “spare,1” in Den Danske Ordbog === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse spara, from Proto-Germanic *sparāną, cognate with Swedish spara, English spare, German sparen. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /spaːrə/, [ˈsb̥ɑːɑ] Homophones: sparer, sparre, sparrer ==== Verb ==== spare (past tense sparede, past participle sparet) to save to spare to economize to save up ===== Conjugation ===== ==== References ==== “spare,2” in Den Danske Ordbog == Dutch == === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from English spare. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /spɛːr/ Hyphenation: spare Rhymes: -ɛːr ==== Noun ==== spare m (plural spares, no diminutive) (bowling) spare === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈspaː.rə/ Hyphenation: spa‧re Rhymes: -aːrə ==== Verb ==== spare (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of sparen == French == === Etymology 1 === From Latin sparus. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /spaʁ/ ==== Noun ==== spare m (plural spares) a fish of the superorder Acanthopterygii === Etymology 2 === From English spare. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /spɛʁ/ ==== Noun ==== spare m (plural spares) (bowling) a spare ===== Related terms ===== strike === Further reading === “spare”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == German == === Pronunciation === === Verb === spare inflection of sparen: first-person singular present first/third-person singular subjunctive I singular imperative == Italian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈspa.re/ Rhymes: -are Hyphenation: spà‧re === Verb === spare third-person singular present indicative of sparere (“to disappear; to get lost”) === Anagrams === Serpa, Sprea, aspre, parse, persa, presa, presà, raspe, saper, serpa, spera == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈspa.rɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈspaː.re] === Noun === spare vocative singular of sparus == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Noun ==== spare alternative form of sparre === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== spare alternative form of sparren (“to close”) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse spara. === Verb === spare (imperative spar, present tense sparer, passive spares, simple past sparte, past participle spart, present participle sparende) to save ==== Derived terms ==== sparebank === References === “spare” in The Bokmål Dictionary.