ocus

== Middle Irish == === Alternative forms === acus === Etymology === From Old Irish ocus, see there for more. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (earlier) /ˈoɡus/, (later) /ˈoɡəs/ === Conjunction === ocus (abbreviated ⁊) and ==== Descendants ==== Irish: agus Manx: as Scottish Gaelic: agus === Adverb === ocus also ==== Quotations ==== === Mutation === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ocus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Old Irish == === Etymology === The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)). Griffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈo.ɡus/ (Blasse) [ˈo.ɡus] (Griffith) [ˈo.ɡøs] === Conjunction === ocus (abbreviated ⁊) and ==== Descendants ==== Middle Irish: ocus, acusIrish: agusManx: asScottish Gaelic: agus === Adjective === ocus (comparative nessa, superlative nessam) near c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 138a2, 3 écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus (glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent) close (of a relationship) c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c32 ==== Usage notes ==== Often followed by preposition do. ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle Irish: focus Irish: fogas Manx: faggys Scottish Gaelic: fagas, faisg === Noun === ocus ? nearness, proximity c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23b41 ==== Inflection ==== Only the dative singular ocus is used due to generally requiring the preposition i (“in”). === Mutation === === References === === Further reading === Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ocus, acus “near””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ocus “and””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 373, page 235; reprinted 2017