nugara

== Lithuanian == === Etymology === Compare Latvian mugura (“back”); the Latvian term apparently underwent an irregular sound shift n- > m-, based on the existence of Finnish nukero (“ridge”), which was borrowed from Baltic. Further etymology outside of Baltic unclear, owing to the words' strange phonetic structure, as well as the Lithuanian term's fixed (columnar) accent. These words have been compared to Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), as words for "back" are often related to landscape terms. However, this connection could only hold if the Baltic and Slavic terms are independently borrowed from a common substrate language, since regular sound changes are not observed. Endzelins alternatively assumes a proto-form *gnugara, which he tentatively connects to Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), which appear to be related to Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈn̪ʊɡɐrɐ] === Noun === nùgara f (plural nùgaros) stress pattern 1 (anatomy) back nùgaros skaũsmas - back pain ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== (Nouns) nugaros smegenys === References === === Further reading === “nugara”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2026 “nugara”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2026