normal

== English == === Etymology === From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality. === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈnɔː.məl/, [ˈnɔː.mɫ̩] (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈnɔɹ.məl/, [ˈnɔɹ.mɫ̩] (dialects of the US) IPA(key): /ˈnɔ.məl/, [ˈnɔ.mɫ̩] (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈnoː.məl/, [ˈnoː.mɫ̩] Hyphenation: norm‧al Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl === Adjective === normal (comparative more normal or (both colloquial) normaler or normaller, superlative most normal or (both colloquial) normalest or normallest) According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern. 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context: (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bn possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution, random variable, etc.) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint. (category theory, of a morphism) Which is the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively. (category theory, of a category) Which contains only normal morphisms. (topology, of a topology or topological space) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods. (commutative algebra, of a domain) Integrally closed: equal its own integral closure in its field of fractions. (commutative algebra, of a ring) Such that all of its localizations at prime ideals are integrally closed domains. (algebraic geometry, of a variety or scheme) Such that the local ring at every point is an integrally closed domain. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself. (fandom slang, sarcastic, with “about”) Fervently interested in a subject; obsessed. (education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (a normal mode). (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or tangent plane of a surface. ==== Usage notes ==== When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes. ==== Synonyms ==== (usual): conventional, customary, ordinary, standard, usual, regular, routine, average, expected, natural, typical, everyday, common, commonplace, general (healthy): hale, healthy, well (perpendicular): at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal (statistics): Gaussian, standard normal ==== Antonyms ==== (antonym(s) of “usual”): unconventional, nonstandard, unusual, special (antonym(s) of “healthy”): ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell (antonym(s) of “perpendicular”): tangential (antonym(s) of “rail transport”): reverse ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== norm ==== Translations ==== === Noun === normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals) (geometry, countable) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles. (countable, uncountable) The usual state. ==== Synonyms ==== (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer ==== Translations ==== === References === === Anagrams === Morlan, Marlon, Larmon, Molnar == Asturian == === Adjective === normal (epicene, plural normales) normal == Azerbaijani == === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: nor‧mal === Adjective === normal normal ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “normal”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎[2] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 3, Baku: Şərq-Qərb == Catalan == === Etymology === Borrowed from French normal. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central) [nurˈmal] IPA(key): (Balearic) [norˈmal] IPA(key): (Valencia) [noɾˈmal] === Adjective === normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normals) normal Antonym: anormal ==== Derived terms ==== normalitat normalment === Further reading === “normal”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “normal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “normal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. “normal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962. == Danish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [nɒˈmæˀl] === Etymology 1 === From French normale, Derived from Latin nōrmālis. ==== Noun ==== normal c (singular definite normalen, plural indefinite normaler) a normal value or quantity (e.g. tempature etc.) the usual and ordinary; business as usual (mathematics) line or surface that is perpendicular to another line or surface ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === See above ==== Adjective ==== normal (neuter normalt, plural and definite singular attributive normale) ordinary, usual, typical Synonyms: typisk, almindelig scheduled, planned Synonyms: planmæssig, ordinær without deficiencies, working as it is should (living beings, organs etc.) Synonyms: rask, velfungerende average Synonym: gennemsnitlig ===== Inflection ===== ==== Adverb ==== normal usually, for the most part Synonyms: sædvanligvis, almindeligvis === References === “normal” in Den Danske Ordbog === References === “normal” in Den Danske Ordbog == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. By surface analysis, norme +‎ -al. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /nɔʁ.mal/ === Adjective === normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales) normal (according to norms, usual) (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach) okay, alright Antonym: anormal ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== norme ==== Descendants ==== Haitian Creole: nòmal === Further reading === “normal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-] Rhymes: -aːl === Adjective === normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten) ordinary, normal völlig normal. ― completely normal. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Silesian: normalny === Adverb === normal (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion (colloquial) alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general === Interjection === normal (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial === Further reading === “normal” in Duden online “normal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Hunsrik == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /norˈmaːl/ Rhymes: -aːl Syllabification: nor‧mal === Adjective === normal normal ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “normal”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch == Indonesian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch normaal, ultimately derived from Latin nōrmālis. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈnormal/ [ˈnor.mal] Rhymes: -ormal Syllabification: nor‧mal === Adjective === normal (comparative lebih normal, superlative paling normal or ternormal, equative senormal) normal ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “normal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Interlingua == === Adjective === normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal) normal Antonym: anormal == Irish == === Etymology === Borrowing from English normal. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/ === Noun === normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail) (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “normal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN “normal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026 == Ladin == === Adjective === normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales) normal == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Latin normālis. === Adjective === normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale) normal, ordinary Antonym: unormal ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Latin normālis. === Adjective === normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale) normal, ordinary Antonym: unormal ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Portuguese == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al. === Pronunciation === (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): [nɔɦˈmaw] (Rural Central Brazil) IPA(key): [nuɹˈmaw] Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw Hyphenation: nor‧mal === Adjective === normal m or f (plural normais) normal, standard, regular (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface) ==== Derived terms ==== normalizar normalmente ==== Related terms ==== norma anormal === Further reading === “normal”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “normal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, normă +‎ -al. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /norˈmal/ === Adjective === normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine/neuter plural normale) normal ==== Related terms ==== normalitate === Adverb === normal normally of course, obviously Synonyms: evident, logic == Spanish == === Etymology === From Latin nōrmālis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /noɾˈmal/ [noɾˈmal] Rhymes: -al Syllabification: nor‧mal === Adjective === normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normales) normal, standard, regular, fine Synonyms: regular, común Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común (geometry) perpendicular Synonym: perpendicular Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Noun === normal f (plural normales) (education) a school for becoming a teacher === Further reading === “normal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al. === Pronunciation === === Adjective === normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast) normal Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== normalisera === Noun === normal c (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface) Antonym: tangent ==== Declension ==== === References === “normal”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) == Tagalog == === Etymology === Borrowed from Spanish normal, from Latin nōrmālis. === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /noɾˈmal/ [n̪oɾˈmal] Rhymes: -al IPA(key): /ˈnoɾmal/ [ˈn̪oɾ.mɐl] (English influence) Rhymes: -oɾmal Syllabification: nor‧mal === Adjective === normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔) normal (according to norms or rules) Synonym: regular normal (usual, ordinary) Synonyms: karaniwan, regular normal (healthy; not sick or ill) Synonyms: matino, mabuti (education) normal (pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach) (chemistry) normal (of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== See also ==== === Further reading === “normal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 == Turkish == === Etymology === From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /noɾˈmɑl/ === Adjective === normal normal regular usual ==== Declension ==== === Noun === normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable) normal (usual state) standard ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== normalleştirmek normalleşmek == Welsh == === Noun === normal m (plural normalau, not mutable) (geometry) normal === References === R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “normal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies