nilam

== Indonesian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈnilam] Hyphenation: ni‧lam === Etymology 1 === From Malay nilam, from Tamil நீலம் (nīlam, “blue, sapphire”), from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark color”). ==== Noun ==== nilam (plural nilam-nilam) sapphire Synonyms: nila, safir === Etymology 2 === Probably related to previous etymology.(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). ==== Noun ==== nilam (plural nilam-nilam) sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster) Synonym: ketilang === Etymology 3 === Probably related to previous etymology.(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). ==== Noun ==== nilam (plural nilam-nilam) patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) === References === === Further reading === “nilam”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Malay == === Etymology === From Tamil நீலம் (nīlam, “blue, sapphire”) from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark color”). Doublet of nila. Sense of plant and bird probably related to the first one. === Pronunciation === === Noun === nilam (Jawi spelling نيلم, plural nilam-nilam or nilam2) sapphire Synonyms: nila, selan patchouli (Pogostemon cablin). sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster). Synonym: ketilang === References === Hoogervorst, Tom (2015). "Detecting pre-modern lexical influence from South India in Maritime Southeast Asia". Archipel. 89: 74. Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 127 Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “نيلم nilam”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 141 Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “نيلم nilam”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 676 Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “nilam”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 173 === Further reading === "nilam" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017