nghiệt ngã

التعريفات والمعاني

== Vietnamese == === Etymology === -a reduplication (C tone) of nghiệt. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ ŋaː˦ˀ˥] (Huế) IPA(key): [ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ ŋaː˧˨] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ŋiək̚˨˩˨ ŋaː˨˩˦] === Adjective === nghiệt ngã severe; harsh; strict