nghiền

== Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ŋiən˨˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [ŋiəŋ˦˩] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ŋiəŋ˨˩] === Etymology 1 === Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 研 (“to grind”, SV: nghiên). ==== Verb ==== nghiền • (研, 硏, 硯, 𥒃) to grind; to crush; to pound (colloquial) to cram; to swot ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== nghiền (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) alternative form of nghiện (“to be addicted (to); to give oneself up (to)”)