nach

== German == === Etymology === From Middle High German nāh, from Old High German nāh with preservation of word-final -h as -ch; thus pertaining to modern nah (“near”) (from Old High German inflected nāh-), from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw. Cognate with Dutch na, English nigh. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /naːx/ (generally) IPA(key): /nax/ (sometimes alternatively as a preposition, unless stressed) === Preposition === nach [with dative] after, past (later in time) Viertel nach sechs ― a quarter past six nach einer Woche ― after a week after, behind (in sequence) to, towards (with geographical names; see usage notes below) die Flucht nach Ägypten ― the flight into Egypt according to, in accordance with (following the lead of a preference, order, etc.) (also as a postposition, see below) nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen ― in all conscience, to the best of knowledge and belief according to (quoting claims made by another) Synonyms: laut, zufolge by the authority of; following (a school of thought) nach Adam Riese ― according to basic arithmetics (literally, “following Adam Ries(e)”) die Analyse nach Marx ― the analysis following Marx (with verbs of sensual perception) like (see usage notes below) Das riecht nach Knoblauch. ― This smells like garlic. for (indicating desire for an object) nach etwas greifen ― to reach for something nach etwas streben ― to strive for/after something nach etwas suchen ― to search for something ==== Usage notes ==== (to, towards): The directional preposition nach is now used chiefly with geographical names that do not have an article with them: nach Ägypten, nach Hamburg, etc. Only in elevated, literary style are there remnants of a freer use of nach: nach dem Irak (“to Iraq”) — for which usually: in den Irak nach dem Schloss (“to the castle”) — for which usually: zum Schloss. At times, this use of nach conveys the implication that the destination is not reached. Thus: Er fuhr zum Schloss. – “He travelled to the castle [and arrived there].” But: Er fuhr nach dem Schloss. – “He travelled towards the castle [and may or may not have arrived].” Directional nach with personal names (or names of shops etc.) is found in the regional vernaculars of north-western Germany: nach Peter (“to Peter's house”). This is nonstandard usage. (like): There may be a slight semantic distinction between the use of nach and wie after a verb of sensual perception. The following phrases both translate to English as “This feels like silk”, but compare the different implications: Das fühlt sich nach Seide an. (“This feels like silk, and it probably is.”) Das fühlt sich an wie Seide. (“This feels like silk, although it’s probably something else.”) This distinction is not a strict one, however. ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === Postposition === nach [with dative] according to meiner Meinung nach ― in my opinion meinem Urteil nach ― in my judgement ==== Derived terms ==== demnach === Adverb === nach Separated form of nach- ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== nach- === Further reading === “nach” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Irish == === Alternative forms === ná (Munster; all senses) === Etymology === From Old Irish nach, from Proto-Celtic *nekʷe, a combination of Proto-Indo-European *né (negative particle) and *-kʷe (“and”); compare Latin neque. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /n̪ˠax/ === Conjunction === nach (triggers eclipsis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one) that...not (introduces a negative subordinate clause; the negation of go). === Particle === nach (triggers eclipsis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one) not (in questions) === Particle === nach (copular form) isn’t...?/whether/if it is... (introduces negative questions, both direct and indirect) who/which isn’t... (introduces negative relative clauses, both direct and indirect) an bhean nach múinteoir í ― the woman who isn’t a teacher an bhean nach maith léi bainne ― the woman who doesn’t like milk ==== Related terms ==== === References === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “nach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 nach, nách (‘not’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 nach, nách (‘who/which ... not’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 nach, nách (‘that ... not’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “5 nach, nách (‘isn’t?, doesn’t?’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Luxembourgish == === Etymology === From Old High German noh. Cognate with German noch, Dutch nog. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /nɑχ/ Rhymes: -ɑχ === Adverb === nach still yet just === Conjunction === nach nor Luxembourgish translation of Matthew 5:35: ==== Usage notes ==== Often used with weder (“neither”). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Noun === nach n (definite singular nachet, indefinite plural nach, definite plural nacha) after-party ==== Synonyms ==== nachspiel == Old Irish == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Celtic *nekʷos (“someone, something”); compare nech (“someone”). Cognate with Welsh neb. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /n̪ax/ ==== Determiner ==== nach some, any For quotations using this term, see Citations:nach. ===== Inflection ===== ===== Derived terms ===== na ní nach aile nach oín ==== Further reading ==== Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 nach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 489, pages 309–10; reprinted 2017 === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /n̪ax/ ==== Verb ==== nach alternative spelling of nách (“that (it) is not”) == Scottish Gaelic == === Etymology === From Old Irish nach, from Proto-Celtic *ne-kʷe. Cognate with Irish nach. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /n̪ˠax/; (Lewis) [n̪ˠaχ] Hyphenation: nach === Verb === nach Used together with the dependent form of a verb to form negative questions. Nach eil an t-acras ort? ― Are you not hungry? Chunnaic mi i, nach fhaca? ― I saw her, didn't I? Nach buail thu e? ― Won't you strike him? Used together with the dependent form of a verb to form negative subordinate clauses; that ... not Bha e ag ràdh nach robh càr aige. ― He said that he didn't have a car. ==== Usage notes ==== Traditionally lenites verbs starting in f followed by a vowel, doesn’t mutate other initial sounds. ==== Inflection ==== === References === Edward Dwelly (1911), “nach”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 nach, nách (‘not’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language Mark, Colin (2003), “nach”, in The Gaelic–English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 446