mara

== English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmɑːɹə/ Rhymes: -ɑːɹə === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare. ==== Noun ==== mara (plural maras) (European folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions. ===== Translations ===== ===== Further reading ===== Mare (folklore) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Sanskrit मार (māra). ==== Noun ==== mara (plural maras) (Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success. (Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit. ===== Related terms ===== Mara ===== Translations ===== ===== Further reading ===== Mara (demon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Etymology 3 === From New World Spanish mara. ==== Noun ==== mara (plural maras) Any caviid rodent of the genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina. ===== Derived terms ===== Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum) Chacoan mara (Dolichotis salinicola) ===== Translations ===== ==== References ==== mara (mammal) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Dolichotis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies Category:Dolichotis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons === Etymology 4 === ==== Noun ==== mara (plural maras) (US) A Latin American criminal gang. === See also === mara d'atra terra-mara === Anagrams === Rāma, Rama, ARMA, -rama, maar, amra, Aram, Amar == Afar == === Etymology 1 === Possibly related to Arabic مَرْء (marʔ, “man”) and Akkadian 𒌉 (mārum, “son”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ˈmara/ [ˈmʌɾʌ] Hyphenation: ma‧ra ==== Noun ==== mára m (singulative núm m) (collective) people (collective) nation ===== Declension ===== ===== Synonyms ===== marí ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== maré (“live; family”) === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /maˈra/ [mʌˈɾʌ] Hyphenation: ma‧ra ==== Verb ==== mara first/third-person masculine singular affirmative imperfective of maré === References === E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “màra”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle; Mohamed Hassan Kamil (August 2013), “Gender, Number and Agreement in Afar (Cushitic language)”, in 43rd Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics‎[7], Leiden: Leiden University == 'Are'are == === Verb === mara be ashamed === References === Naitoro, Kateřina (2013) A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (Thesis)‎[8], Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury, archived from the original on 2017-11-28 == Baagandji == === Etymology === From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Noun === mara hand == Balinese == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /marə/ Hyphenation: ma‧ra === Etymology 1 === Unknown. ==== Adjective ==== mara (Balinese script ᬫᬭ) new, recent Synonym: bau === Etymology 2 === From Sanskrit मार (māra, “death, killing, obstacle, hindrance”). ==== Noun ==== mara (Balinese script ᬫᬵᬭ) danger === Further reading === “mara”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali]. == Bambara == === Noun === mara (tone màra) guard region, province (administrative division) circle savings, reserves kingdom ==== Derived terms ==== === Verb === mara (transitive) to guard, keep, take care of to manage, govern to keep, raise (poultry) == Central Bikol == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maja. Compare Maranao mara, Yogad maga, Cebuano maa and Tetum maran. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maˈɾa/ [maˈɾa] Hyphenation: ma‧ra === Adjective === mará (plural marara, Basahan spelling ᜋᜍ) (Partido, Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon) dry; arid Synonym: alang Antonyms: basa, dumog ==== Derived terms ==== == Cypriot Arabic == === Etymology === Inherited from Arabic اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa). === Noun === mara f (construct state mprat, plural nisfán) woman wife ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Borg, Alexander (2004), A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 426 == Dieri == === Etymology === From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Noun === mara hand == Esperanto == === Etymology === From maro + -a. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmara/ Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ma‧ra Hyphenation: mar‧a === Adjective === mara (accusative singular maran, plural maraj, accusative plural marajn) sea (attributively) (of or relating to the sea) === Further reading === “mara”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN == Fijian == === Etymology === From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul (of food)”). === Noun === mara stench of a corpse resting place of a deceased chief ==== Related terms ==== madra === References === Gatty, Ronald (2009), “mara”, in Fijian–English Dictionary‎[9], Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 157 == Finnish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmɑrɑ/, [ˈmɑ̝rɑ̝] Rhymes: -ɑrɑ Syllabification(key): ma‧ra Hyphenation(key): ma‧ra === Etymology 1 === Borrowed into Western Finnish dialects from Swedish mara, which is a demon that sits on the chest of a sleeping person and causes bad dreams. This demon is known by similar names among Germanic peoples and lives in English nightmare, in Swedish mardröm (“nightmare”) and in German Nachtmahr (“nightmare”), among others. ==== Noun ==== mara (folklore) nightmare, mara (demon that causes bad dreams) Synonym: painajainen ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === From Spanish mará. ==== Noun ==== mara mara (hare-like South American rodent of the genus Dolichotis) Patagonian mara, Dolichotis patagonum ===== Declension ===== ===== Synonyms ===== (Patagonian mara): etelänmara (dated), pampajänis (dated) ===== Derived terms ===== === Anagrams === maar == Gamilaraay == === Alternative forms === mārā, márá, murra, mŭrră === Etymology === From Proto-Central New South Wales *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maɻa/ === Noun === mara hand finger ==== Quotations ==== 1873, William Ridley, Australian Languages and Traditions, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2: Hand|murra 1903, R. H. Mathews, Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33: Hand .... ....|murra === References === Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 456–9 Peter Austin (1993) A Reference Grammar of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (Thesis)‎[10], Melbourne, Australia: La Trobe University, Department of Linguistics, →ISBN == Guinea-Bissau Creole == === Etymology === From Portuguese amarrar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu mára. === Verb === mara to tie == Icelandic == === Etymology 1 === ==== Verb ==== mara (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative maraði, supine marað) to float under the surface ===== Conjugation ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== mara f (genitive singular möru, nominative plural mörur) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. ===== Declension ===== === Further reading === “mara” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages) == Indonesian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈma.ra] Hyphenation: ma‧ra === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Malay مارا (mara), from Sanskrit मार (māra, “slaughter, destruction”). Possibly doublet of marah. ==== Noun ==== mara (plural mara-mara) calamity, danger Synonyms: bahala, bahaya, bala, bencana, cobaan, dakiat, keapesan, kecelakaan, kegagalan, kemaharan, kemalangan, kemudaratan, kerugian, kesialan, malapetaka, mara ===== Synonyms ===== bahaya bencana malapetaka ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦫ (mara, “to come, to approach”). ==== Verb ==== mara to go to advance, to move forward. to approach. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 3 === From Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort, shed, hut”) +‎ मार (māra, “killing, destroying”). ==== Noun ==== mara (plural mara-mara) synonym of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”) synonym of sangga mara === Etymology 4 === Borrowed from Coastal Konjo [Term?] or Highland Konjo [Term?]. ==== Noun ==== mara (plural mara-mara) (zoology) Limacodidae === Etymology 5 === Unknown ==== Noun ==== mara (plural mara-mara) (botany) parasol leaf tree, blush macaranga, nasturtium tree, David's heart, heart leaf (Macaranga tanarius) === Further reading === “mara”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Irish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmˠɑɾˠə/, /ˈmˠaɾˠə/ === Noun === mara f inflection of muir (“sea”): genitive singular plural === Conjunction === mara Galway form of mura (“if... not, unless”) === Mutation === === References === == Japanese == === Romanization === mara Rōmaji transcription of まら == Javanese == === Romanization === mara romanization of ꦩꦫ == Juba Arabic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmaɾa/, [ˈma.ɾa] === Etymology 1 === From Sudanese Arabic مرة (mara), from Arabic مَرْأَة (marʔa). ==== Noun ==== mara (plural niswaan) woman wife === Etymology 2 === From Arabic مَرَّة (marra). ==== Noun ==== mara (plural maraat) time (instance or occurrence) Mara wahid ― Once (literally, “One time”) === References === Ian Smith; Morris Timothy Ama (1985), A Dictionary of Juba Arabic & English‎[11], 1st edition, Juba: The Committee of The Juba Cheshire Home and Centre for Handicapped Children, page 156 == Kaurna == === Etymology === From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Noun === mara hand ==== Derived terms ==== marawardli (“palm”) marawaka (“cupped hands”) == Latin == === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈma.ra] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈmaː.ra] === Noun === mara nominative/accusative/vocative plural of marum == Laz == === Conjunction === mara Latin spelling of მარა (mara) == Makasar == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-South Sulawesi *ma(zr)a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maja (“dry up, evaporate”) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmara/, [ˈma.ra] Hyphenation: ma‧ra === Root === mara (Lontara spelling ᨆᨑ or 𑻥𑻭) precategorial root expressing dry or lacking moisture ==== Affixations ==== === Further reading === A. A. Cense (2024), Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek‎[12], Brill, →DOI == Maltese == === Etymology === From Arabic اِمْرَأة (imraʔa, “woman; wife”). Formally, a backformation from the latter’s definite form اَلْمَرْأة (al-marʔa) as in most modern Arabic dialects. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈma.ra/ Rhymes: -ara === Noun === mara f (construct state mart or (archaic) mrat, plural nisa, masculine raġel or żewġ) woman wife female (of an animal) ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Mangarevan == === Etymology === From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *malaŋ. === Verb === mara (stative) be unhappy, dispirited === Further reading === A Dictionary of Mangareva == Māori == === Etymology === From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul [of food]” – compare with Tongan mā “breadfruit preserve, Western bread”, Samoan mala “soft [of food]”, Fijian mara “stench of a corpse”, Satawalese mar “breadfruit preserve”). === Adjective === mara (of food) preserved esp. by prolonged steeping under running water until softened ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === References === === Further reading === Williams, Herbert William (1917), “mara”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 210 John C. Moorfield (2011), “mara”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN == Mapudungun == === Noun === mara (Raguileo spelling) rabbit hare === References === Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008. == Maranao == === Etymology === Akin to Tetum maran. === Adjective === mara dry == Martuthunira == === Etymology === From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maɻa/ === Noun === mara hand === References === Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 456–9 Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125. == Ngarla == === Etymology === From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Noun === mara hand === References === Westerlund, T. (2007). A grammatical sketch of Ngarla: A language of Western Australia. Uppsala University. == Ngiyambaa == === Etymology === From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Noun === mara hand == Norwegian Bokmål == === Alternative forms === maren m === Noun === mara f definite singular of mare == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Noun === mara f (definite singular mara, indefinite plural marer or maror, definite plural marene or marone) (pre-2012) alternative form of mare definite singular of mare === Verb === mara (present tense marar, past tense mara, past participle mara, passive infinitive marast, present participle marande, imperative mara/mar) alternative form of mare === Anagrams === amar, arma == Nyunga == === Alternative forms === marra maar (eastern dialect) === Etymology === From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Noun === mara (northern dialect) hand == Old English == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmɑːrɑ/ Rhymes: -ɑː.rɑ === Adjective === māra comparative degree of miċel: more greater c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday" ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: more, mare, mooreEnglish: moreGeordie: mairScots: mairYola: more, mo' == Old Norse == === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Germanic *marǭ. ==== Noun ==== mara f (genitive mǫru) nightmare, incubus ===== Declension ===== ===== Descendants ===== Danish: mare c Icelandic: mara f Norwegian Nynorsk: mare f Norwegian Bokmål: mare m or f Swedish: mara c === Etymology 2 === Probably related to marr m (“sea”). ==== Verb ==== mara to be waterlogged, float low in the water marði þá undir þeim skipit ===== Conjugation ===== === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== mara genitive plural of marr genitive plural of marr === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “mara”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Verb === mara second-person singular imperative active of marati (“to die”) == Panyjima == === Etymology === From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maɻa/ === Noun === mara hand === References === Barry Alpher (2004), “Proto-Pama-Nyungan Etyma”, in Claire Bowern, Harold Koch, editors, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →ISBN, section 5.1, pages 456–9 Dench, Alan. 1991. ‘Panyjima’. R.M.W. Dixon, Barry J. Blake (eds.) The Handbook of Australian Languages, Volume 4. Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia, 125–244. == Papiamentu == === Etymology === From Portuguese amarrar and Spanish amarrar and Kabuverdianu mára. The Portuguese word comes from Dutch aanmeren. === Verb === mara to tie == Polish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈma.ra/ Rhymes: -ara Syllabification: ma‧ra === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mara. Compare English mare, German Mahr. ==== Noun ==== mara f (literary) A dream, nightmare. (Slavic mythology) A creature believed to drain sleeping people of their blood or energy; wight, mare. ===== Declension ===== ===== Descendants ===== → Belarusian: ма́ра (mára) ==== See also ==== zmora === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Verb ==== mara third-person singular present of marać === Further reading === “mara”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[13] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “mara”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[14] (in Polish) Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “mara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN == Portuguese == === Pronunciation === Homophone: Mara === Etymology 1 === ==== Adjective ==== mara (invariable) (Brazil, slang) clipping of maravilhoso Carmen Pimentel (quoting “Siba”), Comunidades virtuais, comunidades linguísticas in 2015, Idioma, n. 29, page 192: === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Spanish mara. ==== Noun ==== mara f (plural maras) mara (Central American street gang) === Etymology 3 === ==== Verb ==== mara inflection of marar: third-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative == Rapa Nui == === Etymology === From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *malaŋ. === Verb === mara to start rotting, going bad === Noun === mara lump, bruise (from a blow) === Further reading === Rapanui-English Dictionary == Scottish Gaelic == === Noun === mara f sg genitive singular of muir (“sea, ocean”) === Mutation === == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈmaɾa/ [ˈma.ɾa] Rhymes: -aɾa Syllabification: ma‧ra === Etymology 1 === Clipping of marabunta. ==== Noun ==== mara f (plural maras) (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) criminal gang Synonym: pandilla A mediados de 2012, se acordó una tregua entre las maras salvadoreñas y el gobierno local. ― In mid-2012, a truce was orchestrated between Salvadorian gangs and the local government. (El Salvador, Guatemala, colloquial) people in one's in-group, crew, gang, squad Cariño, hoy en la noche saldré con la mara de la empresa. ― Honey, tonight I'm going out with the crew from work. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Unknown. ==== Noun ==== mara f (plural maras) Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum) === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from Tamil மரம் (maram, “tree”) (occurring in the names of many woods). ==== Noun ==== mara f (plural maras) Calophyllum calaba === Etymology 4 === ==== Noun ==== mara f (plural maras) obsolete form of maga (“Thespesia grandiflora”) === Further reading === “mara”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Sundanese == === Noun === mara (Sundanese script ᮙᮛ) (botany) Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree) === Further reading === Coolsma, S (1913), Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij == Swahili == === Etymology === Borrowed from Arabic مَرَّة (marra). === Pronunciation === === Noun === mara class IX (plural mara class X) time (used to form adverbial numbers, as in "one time" (i.e. once)) ==== Usage notes ==== See Appendix:Swahili numbers#Adverbial numbers. ==== Derived terms ==== mara kwa mara (“from time to time, occasionally”) mara moja (“once; immediately, right away”) === Adverb === mara suddenly == Swedish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /²mɑːra/ Rhymes: -²ɑːra === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ; cognate to Old English mare or mære. ==== Noun ==== mara c a mythological creature blamed for giving people nightmares ===== Declension ===== ===== Derived terms ===== nattmara satmara === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== mara c clipping of maratonlopp n (“marathon race”) ===== Declension ===== === References === “mara”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “mara”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “mara”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === aram., arma, rama == Welsh == === Pronunciation === (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈmara/ (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈmaːra/, /ˈmara/ === Noun === mara nasal mutation of bara (“bread”) === Mutation === == Yámana == === Verb === mara hear ==== Synonyms ==== muS