kula

== English == === Etymology 1 === From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian قله (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”). ==== Noun ==== kula (plural kulas) A tower, turret or steeple in Southeast Europe erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area. === Etymology 2 === From a Melanesian language. ==== Noun ==== kula (uncountable) A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority. === References === === Further reading === tower houses in the Balkans on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Kula ring on Wikipedia.Wikipedia === Anagrams === Kalu, Luka, lauk == Balinese == === Etymology === Borrowed from Old Javanese kula (“family; descent, origin”), from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ku.lə/ Rhymes: -ulə Hyphenation: ku‧la === Noun === kula (Balinese script ᬓᬸᬮ) family ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “kula”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali]. == Bangi == === Verb === kula to obtain == Cebuano == === Noun === kula glue; or any sticky adhesive substance === Verb === kula to glue; to join or attach something using glue == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkula] === Participle === kula inflection of kout: feminine singular past active participle neuter plural past active participle == Hawaiian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈku.la/, [ˈku.lə] === Etymology 1 === From Proto-Polynesian *tula (“bald, bare”). Cognate with Tongan tula (“bald”). ==== Noun ==== kula (dry) field, pasture plain, open country ===== Derived terms ===== Kula kulakula === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Central-Eastern Polynesian *tura "container". ==== Noun ==== kula (rare) basket-like fish trap container source kula waiwai ― source of income === Etymology 3 === Borrowed from English school. ==== Noun ==== kula school ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 4 === Borrowed from English gold. Displaced ʻulaʻula ==== Noun ==== kula gold Synonym: ʻulaʻula ==== Verb ==== kula (stative) golden === Further reading === kula in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com. == Hungarian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Romani khul (“shit”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈkulɒ] Hyphenation: ku‧la Rhymes: -lɒ === Noun === kula (plural kulák) (slang) shit Synonym: szar ==== Declension ==== === References === == Javanese == === Romanization === kula romanization of ꦏꦸꦭ == Khalaj == === Etymology === Ultimately from Persian کل (kol). === Pronunciation === (Mansûrâbâdî) IPA(key): [qulɒ] (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [kʊla(ː)], [ku̞laː] === Adjective === kula (comparative kulatar) short, small === References === Doerfer, Gerhard (1980), Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó Doerfer, Gerhard (1971), Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN == Lindu == === Noun === kula ginger == Lingala == === Verb === -kula (infinitive kokula) to obtain == Malay == === Etymology === From Javanese ꦏꦸꦭ (kula). === Pronunciation === (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /ˈkula/ [ˈku.la] Hyphenation: ku‧la === Noun === kula (Jawi spelling کولا, plural kula-kula or kula2) (Javanese) slave === Pronoun === kula (Jawi spelling کولا) (Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my) Synonyms: aku, saya === Further reading === "kula" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Mudburra == === Particle === kula not (negative particle) == Ngarrindjeri == === Noun === kula male she oak tree. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Alternative forms === kulen === Noun === kula f definite feminine singular of kule == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Noun === kula f definite singular of kule == Old Javanese == === Etymology === Borrowed from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ku.la/ Rhymes: -la Homophones: kula, kūla Hyphenation: ku‧la === Noun === kula family descent, origin ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) (inherited)→ Malay: kula→ Musi: kulo → Balinese: kula === Noun === kula wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen ==== Derived terms ==== === References === "kula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982. == Pagu == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈku.la] === Verb === kula to give === References === Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli (2023), Kamus Pagu-Indonesia-Inggris, Jakarta: Penerbit BRIN == Pali == === Alternative forms === === Etymology === Inherited from Sanskrit कुल (kula). === Noun === kula n clan, caste, family ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Burmese: ကုလား (ku.la:) → Thai: กุล (gun) === References === Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “kula”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead == Polish == === Etymology === Apparently borrowed from Middle High German kūle. In most senses cognate with German Kugel, in the sense “crutch” cognate with German Keule. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -ula Syllabification: ku‧la Homophone: Kula === Noun === kula f (diminutive kulka) ball (spherical object) kula śnieżna ― snowball (mathematics, geometry, topology) ball bullet crutch chodzić o kulach ― to walk on crutches (sports) shot (the heavy iron ball) pchnięcie kulą ― shot put (Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively) synonym of głowa (Kociewie) crooked stick with which a village head convenes a village (Eastern Kraków, Gmina Stopnica) synonym of kłonica (“stanchion of a wagon”) (Łowicz) announcement (card with official messages sent by the village head throughout the village) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja) → Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes) → Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja) ==== See also ==== piłka kłębek === References === === Further reading === “kula”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “kula”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[3] (in Polish) Oskar Kolberg (1877), “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 19 Oskar Kolberg (1877), “kula”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 27 Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “kula”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 134 Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “kula”, in Słownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page 153 Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “kula”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 211 Halina Świderska (1929), “kula”, in Dialekt Księstwa Łowickiego (in Polish), Warsaw, →ISBN, page 109 === Anagrams === luka == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قله (kulle). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kǔːla/ Hyphenation: ku‧la === Noun === kúla f (Cyrillic spelling ку́ла) tower Synonym: tóranj Momina kula ― Maiden's Tower (also known as Leander's Tower) turret Synonyms: kùpola, tóranj belfry, steeple Synonym: zvònīk (chess) rook Synonym: tȍp ==== Declension ==== === See also === == Sidamo == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkula/ Hyphenation: ku‧la === Verb === kula (transitive) to tell === References === Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 30 Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “kula”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department == Sotho == === Etymology === Cognate with Swahili -ugua. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term, particularly: === Verb === kula to be sick/ill == Sranan Tongo == === Etymology === Probably from Kongo kula (“to cast off, to drive off”), from Proto-Bantu *-kUd-a (“pull”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kula/, [kula̠], [kulɑ̟] === Noun === kula boat pole === Verb === kula to pole a boat === Derived terms === === Descendants === Aukan: kulá Saramaccan: kulá === References === == Swahili == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀dɪ́a. === Pronunciation === === Verb === kula (verbal noun of the ku class) infinitive of -la. == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Norse kúla (“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced by Middle Low German kule (“depression, bulge”) and German Kugel (“ball, sphere, bullet”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -²ʉːla === Noun === kula c a small ball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; of steel in a ball bearing; sphere a testicle Synonym: pungkula a bullet a den (inhabited cavern or hollow) (slang, chiefly in the plural) money (heraldry) roundel (athletics) shot put (athletics event) Synonym: kulstötning (of icecream) scoop ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Finnish: kuula ==== See also ==== stöta === References === “kula”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish) “kula”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) “kula”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) == Tabaru == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈku.la] === Verb === kula (ditransitive) to give === References === Edward A. Kotynski (1988), “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics == Tagalog == === Etymology 1 === Possibly from Spanish colar (“to sift; to strain”). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kuˈla/ [kʊˈla] Rhymes: -a Syllabification: ku‧la ==== Noun ==== kulá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ) bleaching of clothes under the sun (usually with blueing) Synonym: pagkukula clothes being bleached under the sun ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkula/ [ˈkuː.lɐ] Rhymes: -ula Syllabification: ku‧la ==== Noun ==== kula (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ) (botany) Geodorum densiflorum (terrestrial orchid) === Further reading === “kula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 === Anagrams === ulak == Turkish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /kʊˈla/ Hyphenation: ku‧la === Noun === kula accusative singular of kul == Zacatepec Chatino == === Etymology 1 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Adjective ==== kula old === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Chatino *kwela, from Proto-Zapotecan *kw-ella. ==== Noun ==== kula fish === Etymology 3 === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) ==== Noun ==== kula star