kesä

== Finnish == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *kesä (compare Estonian kesa (“fallow”), Veps keza (“summer”), Võro kesä (“fallow”)), from Proto-Finno-Permic *kesä (“summer”) (compare Northern Sami geassi, Erzya кизэ (kizë)), possibly a loanword from Indo-European; see it for more. Introduced from the eastern dialects into the standard language in the 19th century to replace the Western Finnish word suvi. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkesæ/, [ˈk̟e̞s̠æ] Rhymes: -esæ Syllabification(key): ke‧sä Hyphenation(key): ke‧sä === Noun === kesä summer (season) Synonym: suvi Antonym: talvi (archaic) fallow Synonym: kesanto ==== Usage notes ==== As with all four seasons in Finnish, the adessive case (kesällä) is normally used when talking about events that will take place or took place in (the) summer. The essive case (kesänä) is used instead, however, if there is a determiner like tämä (“this”), viime (“last”) or ensi (“next”); this does not apply when e.g. specifying the year (the adessive case is used). As usual, other uses, e.g. when postponing events (allative) or with asti (“until”) (illative), may use other locative cases. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== seasons: vuodenajat: kevät · kesä · syksy · talvi [edit] === Noun === kesä abbreviation of kesäkuu (“June”) === References === === Further reading === “kesä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023 === Anagrams === eksä, sekä == Ingrian == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *kesä. Cognates include Finnish kesä and Estonian kesa. === Pronunciation === (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkesæ/, [ˈke̞s̠æˑ] (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkesæ/, [ˈke̞ʒ̥æˑ] Rhymes: -esæ Hyphenation: ke‧sä === Noun === kesä summer ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== (obsolete) suvi ==== Derived terms ==== === References === V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 86 Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 160 Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014), Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎[4], →ISBN, page 80 == Võro == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *kesä. === Noun === kesä (genitive kesä, partitive kessä) fallow ==== Inflection ==== This noun needs an inflection-table template.