ille

== Galician == === Verb === ille inflection of illar: first/third-person singular present subjunctive third-person singular imperative == Interlingua == === Etymology === From Latin ille. === Adjective === ille that ==== Synonyms ==== aquelle === Pronoun === ille he == Irish == === Contraction === ille Contraction of i leith === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ille”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN == Latin == === Alternative forms === olle (Old Latin, determiner and pronoun) === Etymology === From Old Latin olle (“he, that”) (also ollus, olla), from Proto-Italic *olnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no-s or *h₂l̥-no-s, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Latin uls (“beyond”), alius (“other”), and alter (“the other”); Umbrian ulu (“to that place”), Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”, literally “in that (year)”). Initial i- from o- has no parallel case and owe to contamination from is and iste, or the palatalizing effect of l exilis. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɪl.lɛ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈil.le] === Determiner === ille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative determiner (pronominal declension) that, yon; those 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 3:24 ==== Declension ==== Demonstrative determiner (pronominal declension). ==== Derived terms ==== *ecce ille *eccum ille ==== Descendants ==== ==== References ==== Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.2. === Pronoun === ille (feminine illa, neuter illud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal declension) that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it (Late Latin) he, she, it (third-person personal pronoun) Late 4th c., Vulgate, Luke 22:38: At ille dixit eis: satis est. And He said unto them 'It is enough'. ==== Declension ==== Demonstrative pronoun (pronominal declension). ==== Descendants ==== === Article === ille (definite) (Late Latin, Early Medieval Latin) the p. 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 1.1: Intereā ambulantēs peruēnimus ad quendam locum ubi sē tamen montēs illī inter quōs ībāmus aperiēbant While we were walking, we arrived at a certain place, where the mountains, through which we went, nevertheless were open ==== Descendants ==== === Usage notes === This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, away from both speaker and listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and iste (“this/that”), which refers to people or things near the listener. As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function. In Vulgar latin, ille weakened its meaning and frequently came to mean merely "the" (as a determiner) or "he/she/it" (as a pronoun). This is in fact the origin of French le (“the”) and il (“he”), Spanish el (“the”) and él (“he”), etc. The original meaning of a far demonstrative was maintained when augmented with ecce or eccum, cf. Italian quello, Spanish aquel, Old French cel. In Classical usage, ille can have a secondary, appreciative function of casting the referent in a positive light: ille homō can mean "that (famous/renowned) man". The opposite, pejorative function is assumed by iste, and iste homō frequently means "that (no good) man". Such functions were not present in Vulgar Latin, and iste came to mean "this" (cf. Spanish este, Portuguese este). === Derived terms === === Related terms === === See also === ūnus === References === “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “ille”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “ille”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 298 == Middle English == === Alternative forms === ill, il === Etymology === From Old Norse illr, from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /il/ === Adjective === ille (plural and weak singular ille, comparative worse, superlative worst) evil; wicked ==== Descendants ==== English: ill Scots: ill Yola: ill ==== References ==== “il(le, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Danish ilde. The form ille introduced into Riksmål in 1907, but the form ilde was still used at least until 1919 (e.g. by Kristian Elster). ==== Adjective ==== ille (indeclinable, comparative verre, indefinite superlative verst, definite superlative verste) bad === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse illa. ==== Pronunciation ==== (Fredrikstad) IPA(key): [ˈɪ̂l̺.l̺ɛ̝] ==== Adverb ==== ille badly (dialect, Fredrikstad) very ille bra ― very good ===== Derived terms ===== illeluktende === References === “ille” in The Bokmål Dictionary. “ille” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB). == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === From the Old Norse adverb illa. ==== Adverb ==== ille unlucky, miserably ill hurtful, condescending, enemy (dialectal, Fredrikstad) very ===== Derived terms ===== ille ute ille stelt ==== Adjective ==== ille bad === Etymology 2 === From the Old Norse verb illa. ==== Alternative forms ==== illa (a-infinitive) ==== Verb ==== ille (present tense illar, past tense illa, past participle illa, passive infinitive illast, present participle illande, imperative ille/ill) (transitive) to blame, think badly of (transitive) to anger === Etymology 3 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Adjective ==== ille definite singular of ill plural of ill === References === “ille” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Sidamo == === Etymology === From Proto-Cushitic *ʔil-. Cognates include Burji illa, Hadiyya ille, Kambaata ille and Oromo ija. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈilːe/ Hyphenation: il‧le === Noun === ille f (plural illuwa f) eye === References === Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 544 == Tatar == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Turkish elli, Bashkir илле (ille) === Numeral === ille (Cyrillic spelling илле) fifty