ich

== Translingual == === Symbol === ich (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Etkywan. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Etkywan terms == English == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, iċċ (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm (“I”). See also ch-, I. ==== Alternative forms ==== Iche, che, 'ch-, ch- ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /iːt͡ʃ/, /ɪt͡ʃ/ Rhymes: -iːtʃ, -ɪtʃ Homophones: each, itch ==== Pronoun ==== ich (personal, obsolete) I. ===== Usage notes ===== Ich was the form of I found in the dialects of the West Country, West Midlands, and Kent. It began to disappear from written English with the onset of the Chancery Standard in the 15th century, yet continued to see limited use until the middle of the 19th century. The Northern dialectal form, ik (which derives from the same Old English root), likewise disappeared from writing with the onset of the Chancery Standard in the 15th century. ===== Derived terms ===== nich chill (“I will”) cham (“I am”) ==== See also ==== chinny reckon ich-laut (from the German cognate) === Etymology 2 === Clipping of ichthyophthiriasis. ==== Alternative forms ==== ick ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /ɪk/ ==== Noun ==== ich (uncountable) (ichthyology) Ichthyophthiriasis, a parasitic infection of freshwater fish caused by ciliates of genus Ichthyophthirius. ===== Derived terms ===== marine ich === Anagrams === IHC, Chi., Ch'i, chi, ch'i, CIH, Chi, hic, CHI, HCI == Alemannic German == === Alternative forms === i ig (Bern) === Etymology === From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik. Cognate with German ich, Dutch ik, English I, ich, Icelandic ég. === Pronunciation === (Lower Alemannic (Northern Alsace)) IPA(key): /iʃ/, /eʃ/, /iː/ (i is the unstressed pronoun, used after the verb, as in hiit hàw i dìs g'màcht (today I have done this), but it is always ìch before the verb, never i) (Higher Alemannic (Southern Alsace)) IPA(key): /ix/, /ex/, /iː/ (unstressed) (Zürich) IPA(key): /ix/, /i/ (unstressed), IPA(key): [ɪːx] (stressed) === Pronoun === ich I ==== Declension ==== == Central Franconian == === Alternative forms === eich (Moselle Franconian, stressed) ech (some dialects of Ripuarian; Moselle Franconian, unstressed, enclitic) === Etymology === From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. The expected form is ech; the variant ich is from a form *īh with expressive lengthening (compare the corresponding diphthong in Moselle Franconian). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /iɕ/, [iɕ] IPA(key): [eɕ] → [əɕ] → [ɕ] (unstressed; enclitic before a consonant) IPA(key): [ij] (enclitic before a vowel) The enclitic pronunciation is used after verbs and conjunctions (unless the pronoun is stressed). === Pronoun === ich (some dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch) I; nominative of the first-person singular personal pronoun ==== Declension ==== Ripuarian (regional forms: Aachen [A], Cologne [C]; reduced or unstressed forms: red.): In other dialects: ät (“it”) (Düren) == Cimbrian == === Alternative forms === i (Luserna) === Etymology === From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I. === Pronoun === ich (Sette Comuni) I ==== Inflection ==== === References === “ich” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo 2013, Umberto Patuzzi (ed.), Sette Comuni / Siben Komoinen: Le nostre parole – D’ögnar börtar – Unsere Wörter, Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien 2013, Umberto Patuzzi (ed.), Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole – Ünsarne börtar – Unsere Wörter, Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien == Crimean Gothic == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. === Pronoun === ich I == East Central German == === Etymology === Cognate to German ich. === Pronoun === ich (Silesian, also Breslauisch) I ==== Declension ==== sie/se and es can be contracted into s'e's (= SHG: sie es) ==== See also ==== other personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns: mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun) dei; Dei (2nd ps. sg. possessive pronoun) ihr (3rd ps. sg. fem. possessive pronoun) unser, ünser / ünser (1st ps. pl. possessive pronoun) Ihr; Euch (grammatically: 2nd ps. pl.) Sie; Ihn'n (grammatically: 3rd ps. pl.) sihch, sich / sich (reflexive pronoun) === Pronoun === ich (Silesian, also Gebirgsschlesisch) I ==== Declension ==== Gebirgsschlesisch: Additionally there are: sa (= SHG: sie ihn) sa (= SHG: es ihnen) marn (= SHG: wir ihn) mida (= SHG: mit ihnen; from mit (“with”)) Also: Additionally there are: Ihr, I'r; Eich (Euch) (grammatically: 2nd ps. pl.; semantically: 2nd ps. sg. or pl.) Sie, Se; I'n (grammatically: 3rd ps. pl.; semantically: 2nd ps. sg.) Notes: The forms uns, euch, Euch are rare, and could arguably be mistakes or misprints influenced by SHG uns, euch. ==== See also ==== possessive and reflexive pronouns - Gebirgsschlesisch: mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun) dei (2nd ps. sg. possessive pronoun) insa (1st ps. pl. possessive pronoun) siech (reflexive pronoun) possessive and reflexive pronouns - also: ünser (1st ps. pl.) sich (reflexive pronoun) === Pronoun === ich (Silesian, Gebirgsschlesisch) I ==== Declension ==== Nominative: ich Dative: mir; mer Accusative: mich ==== See also ==== other personal and possessive pronouns: mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun) du, de; dir, der; dich; dei (2nd ps. sg.) a; ihm; ihn (3rd ps. sg. m.) -'s, -s, -'sch (after r as in mer'sch) (3rd ps. sg. n.) sei (3rd ps. sg. m. & n. possessive pronoun) se (3rd ps. sg. f.) ihr (3rd ps. sg. f. possessive pronoun) mer; ins; ins; inser (1st ps. pl.) === Pronoun === ich (Silesian) I ==== Declension ==== Nominative: ich Dative: mir; mer Accusative: miech; mich ==== See also ==== Du, De; Dir, Der; Diech, Dich (2nd ps. sg.) === Pronoun === ich (Obererzgebirge, Salzungen, Ruhla) I ==== Declension ==== Obererzgebirge: Nominative: ich Dative: mir Accusative: mich Salzungen: Nominative: ich Dative: me Accusative: mich Ruhla: ==== Alternative forms ==== ig (mer, mig) (Obererzgebirge) ==== References ==== Die Ruhlaer Mundart dargestellt von Karl Regel. Weimar, Hermann Boehlau. 1868 === Pronoun === ich (Oberlausitz, Altenburg, Mansfeld, Niederlausitz) I ==== Declension ==== Oberlausitz, Altenburg: Nominative: ich; -'ch, 'ch Dative: mir Accusative: mich Mansfeld: Nominative: ich; -'ch, 'ch Dative: mich Accusative: mich Niederlausitz: Nominative: ich; -'ich (as in hua-'ich = SHG habe ich), -ich (as in hua-ich = SHG habe ich) Dative: merr Accusative: merr ==== See also ==== du (2nd ps. sg.) === Pronoun === ich (Nord-Thüringisch, Wasungen, Erzgebirgisch) I ==== Declension ==== Erzgebirge: Nominative: îch, ich Dative: mir, mr Accusative: mîch, mich Nord-Thüringisch: Separated by semicolon are: strong/normal form ; weak/enclitic form Wasungen: ==== See also ==== Erzgebirge: mr (1st ps. pl.) ihr; eich (2nd ps. pl.) Nord-Thüringisch: sich (reflexive pronoun) === Pronoun === ich (Alzenau) I === See also === ech === References === Idioticon der nord-thüringischen Mundart. – Den Bürgern Nordhausens gewidmet von Dr. Martin Schultze. Nordhausen. Verlag von Ferd. Förstemann. 1874 Schriften des Vereins für Sachsen-Meiningische Geschichte und Landeskunde. 71. Heft. Inhalt: Die Wasunger Mundart, 2. Teil. Von Kirchenrat Edinhard Reichardt in Meiningen. Hildburghausen. F. W. Gadow & Sohn, Herzogliche Hofbuchdruckerei. 1914 Marek Dolatowski (2015), “Pochodzenie etnolektu hałcnowskiego w świetle fonetyki i fonologii historycznej”, in Badania diachroniczne w Polsce (in Polish) Marek Dolatowski (2013), “Słownictwo hałcnowskie jako odbicie historii etnolektu i historii wsi”, in Kwartalnik Językoznawczy (in Polish) Marek Dolatowski (2013), “Słowniczek polsko-hałcnowski”, in Kwartalnik Językoznawczy (in Polish) == East Franconian == === Pronoun === ich I == German == === Alternative forms === Ich (royal) === Etymology === From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɪç/ Homophone: Ich Rhymes: -ɪç === Pronoun === ich I (first person singular nominative (subject) pronoun) ==== Declension ==== In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even there. They may be used: for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Er erbarmte sich meiner. – "He had mercy on me". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.) with certain adjectives or prepositions that govern the genitive, such as statt ("instead of, in place of"): Er kam statt meiner in die Mannschaft. – "He joined the team in my place." This sounds antiquated, and an meiner Statt or an meiner Stelle is preferable (in which case meiner is not a genitive, but a form of the possessive determiner mein). ==== Derived terms ==== Ich n lyrisches Ich n === Further reading === “ich” in Duden online “ich” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache == Hunsrik == === Alternative forms === eich === Etymology === From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈiç/ Rhymes: -iç Syllabification: ich === Pronoun === ich I ==== Inflection ==== === Further reading === Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “ich”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 80 == Hutterisch == === Pronoun === ich I == Jakaltek == === Etymology === From Proto-Mayan *iihk. === Noun === ich chili pepper === References === Church, Clarence; Church, Katherine (1955), Vocabulario castellano-jacalteco, jacalteco-castellano‎[1] (in Spanish), Guatemala C. A.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 18; 24 == Limburgish == === Alternative forms === iech, ik iich (Eupen) ech (Southeast Limburgish) === Etymology === From Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik. === Pronunciation === (most dialects) IPA(key): [ɪx] (Maastrichtian) IPA(key): [ix] === Pronoun === ich (personal) I ==== Inflection ==== == Luo == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɪ̀c/ === Noun === ich stomach == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /itʃ/ ==== Pronoun ==== ich alternative form of I ===== Usage notes ===== Ich is the Southern and sometimes Midland form of I in Middle English, which corresponds to ik of the Northern dialect. === Etymology 2 === ==== Determiner ==== ich alternative form of ech ==== Pronoun ==== ich alternative form of ech == Middle High German == === Etymology === From Old High German ih. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈix/ === Pronoun === ich (personal) I ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== Alemannic German: ich, ig, i Sensler: [iː] Swabian: i Sathmar Swabian: i Bavarian: i Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna) Gottscheerish: iχ, ī, i (unstressed); iχχe (emphatic) Mòcheno: i Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech Hunsrückisch: äijsch Hunsrik: ich [ɪç] Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ] Kölsch: ich East Central German: Erzgebirgisch: iech Silesian East Central German: iech Upper Saxon German: isch, ische East Franconian: i, iech German: ich Luxembourgish: ech Rhine Franconian: Hessian: aisch Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç] Vilamovian: ych Yiddish: איך (ich) === References === == Pennsylvania German == === Etymology === From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih. Compare German ich, Dutch ik, English I, Old Norse ek. === Pronoun === ich I ==== Declension ==== == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jixъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eiša, from Proto-Indo-European *éysom. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈix/ Rhymes: -ix Syllabification: ich === Pronoun === ich (indeclinable) possessive pronoun for oni or one, namely their or theirs Weź ich plecaki do środka! ― Take their backpacks inside! === Pronoun === ich genitive of oni; them genitive of one; them personal masculine accusative of oni; them === See also === nich Appendix:Polish pronouns === Further reading === ich in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN ich in Polish dictionaries at PWN == Rhine Franconian == === Etymology === Cognate to German ich. === Pronoun === ich (Kassel) I ==== See also ==== Du; De (“you (singular)”) == Slovak == === Alternative forms === nich, ne (after prepositions) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ix/, [ix] Rhymes: -ix === Pronoun === ich (indeclinable) (possessive) their, theirs === Pronoun === ich genitive/accusative of oni and ony === Related terms === === Further reading === “ich”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Swabian == === Etymology === Cognate to German ich. === Pronoun === ich (possibly less common) I p. 16: Daß iar aber it moinet, i dä gar nix dett doba, so habe ich nothwendig Euch zu sagen, daß dau Arbet gnug geit, [...] Ich habe zwar nicht nothwendig Euch zu sagen, warum i net mitturna dua, abr [...] P 30: „Herr Fürst,“ haut do der Pfortner gsait, „Ich habs verstekt da nei, Denn da kommt ebn die ganze Zeit Kei eiz'ger Mensch nich rei!“ P 46: Darum will ich ihm iatz deuta, Daß mir ganz mit Heaz und Händ Alles Loid und alle Freuda Redlich mit ihm thoila wend. ==== Declension ==== Nominative: ich (less common); i Dative: mir Accusative: mi ==== Alternative forms ==== i', i ==== Descendants ==== Sathmar Swabian: i ==== See also ==== Du, dat. Dir, acc. Di (“you (singular)”) -s (“it, enclitic”) === Pronoun === ich dative and accusative of ihr (“you (plural)”) == Transylvanian Saxon == === Etymology === Cognate to German ich. === Pronoun === ich I == Volga German == === Pronoun === ich I == Yola == === Alternative forms === Ich === Etymology === From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Compare obsolete English ich. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɪt͡ʃ/ === Pronoun === ich I ==== Synonyms ==== 'ch- (clitic) ==== References ==== Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 47 == Yucatec Maya == === Etymology === From Proto-Mayan *Haty. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈit͡ʃ] === Noun === ich (plural ichoʼob) eye face fruit === References === Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746), Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 164: “Ich ssssss s ssss Ojo.” Montgomery, John (2004), Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, page 59 == Zipser German == === Etymology === Cognate to German ich. === Pronoun === ich I