hun

== Translingual == === Etymology === Clipping of English Hungarian. === Symbol === hun (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Hungarian. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Hungarian terms == English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hʌn/ Rhymes: -ʌn === Etymology 1 === Clipping of honey with pronunciation spelling. ==== Noun ==== hun (plural huns) (informal) Alternative spelling of hon (“affectionate abbreviation of honey”). (UK, slang) A woman perceived as basic, brash, working class and fond of alcohol. (slang) A woman involved in a multi-level marketing scheme, especially one who pushes it on social media. ===== Derived terms ===== === Etymology 2 === Clipping of Hungarian partridge. ==== Noun ==== hun (plural huns) A grey partridge. === Etymology 3 === ==== Noun ==== hun (plural huns) Alternative form of hoon (“Indian gold coin”). === Anagrams === nuh, unh == Alemannic German == === Alternative forms === hund, hunn, hònn (Walser) Hund === Etymology === From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound, Icelandic hundur. === Noun === hun m (Formazza) dog === References === Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien == Breton == === Noun === hun ? sleep == Catalan == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Late Latin Hunni. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈun] Homophone: un === Noun === hun m (plural huns, feminine huna, feminine plural hunes) Hun ==== Related terms ==== húnnic === Further reading === “hun”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “hun”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “hun” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. == Danish == === Etymology === From Old Norse hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᚾᚢ (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ (*hanaʀ) (= Danish han (“he”), Old Norse hann). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [hun] === Pronoun === hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes) (personal) she ==== See also ==== ==== References ==== “hun,2” in Den Danske Ordbog === Noun === hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner) female, she ==== Declension ==== ==== References ==== “hun,1” in Den Danske Ordbog == Dutch == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɦʏn/ Hyphenation: hun Rhymes: -ʏn === Etymology 1 === Originally a mere spelling variant of hen. Possessive hun started replacing haar from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural. ==== Pronoun ==== hun (personal) dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them (proscribed) accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them ===== Usage notes ===== The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns. In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example: Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”) Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”) Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”) When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze: Hij heeft ze verraden. Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan. Ik heb het ze gegeven. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia. ===== Derived terms ===== ==== Determiner ==== hun (dependent possessive, independent possessive hunne) their; third-person plural possessive determiner ===== Declension ===== ==== Related terms ==== === Etymology 2 === Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia. ==== Pronoun ==== hun (personal) (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people) Synonyms: zijlui, zijlieden Hun hebben een mooi huis. ― They have a nice house. ===== Usage notes ===== The use of hun as a subject is considered incorrect or substandard by most speakers, both in written and spoken language, and only occurs in the Netherlands. For a 3rd person plural pronoun referring to people only, zijlui or zijlieden can be used instead. === References === == Hokkien == == Hungarian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈhun] Rhymes: -un === Etymology 1 === Borrowed from Latin Hunni. ==== Adjective ==== hun (not comparable) Hunnic, Hunnish (of or relating to the Huns) ===== Declension ===== ==== Noun ==== hun (plural hunok) Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe) ===== Declension ===== === Etymology 2 === From hol. ==== Adverb ==== hun (dialectal) alternative form of hol (“where”) ===== Derived terms ===== sehun (dialectal) === References === === Further reading === (Hun, Hunnic): hun in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. (where [dialectal]): hun in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN. == Indonesian == === Etymology === From Malay hun, from Hokkien 分 (hun, “to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot; etc”). === Noun === hun (plural hun-hun) (historical) hoon (A unit of weight equivalent to one hundredth of a tahil); candareen Synonym: kenderi === Further reading === “hun”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Iu Mien == === Etymology === From Chinese 園 (MC hjwon). === Noun === hun garden == Label == === Etymology === Compare Tolai vudu and Patpatar hudu. === Noun === hun banana === References === Mosel, Ulrike (1980), Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (Pacific Linguistics; Series B, no. 73)‎[7], Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN == Malay == === Noun === hun (plural hun-hun or hun2) A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil. == Mandarin == === Romanization === hun (hun5 / hun0, Zhuyin ˙ㄏㄨㄣ) nonstandard spelling of hūn nonstandard spelling of hún nonstandard spelling of hǔn nonstandard spelling of hùn ==== Usage notes ==== Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone. == Middle English == === Noun === hun alternative form of hund (“hundred”) == Middle Welsh == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /hʉn/ === Numeral === hun h-prothesized form of un === Mutation === == Mizo == === Noun === hun time == North Frisian == === Alternative forms === hönj (Mooring) Hun (Sylt) === Etymology === From Old Frisian hond. Cognates include West Frisian hân. === Noun === hun f (plural hunen) (Föhr-Amrum) hand a rocht(er) hun ― the right hand ==== Usage notes ==== One of the original feminines that still commonly take the reduced article a (as above). See at for further information. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology 1 === From Danish hun, from Old Norse hón. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /hʉn/ Homophones: hund, hunn Rhymes: -ʉn ==== Pronoun ==== hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes) she ===== Derived terms ===== hunkjønn / hunnkjønn ==== See also ==== ho (Nynorsk) hoe (Nynorsk) === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse húnn (“a die”). ==== Alternative forms ==== hon ==== Noun ==== hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene) back board === References === “hun” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology 1 === From Old Norse húnn (“bear cub”), from Proto-Germanic *hūnaz. ==== Noun ==== hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane) a bear cub Synonym: bjørnunge === Etymology 2 === From Old Norse húnn (“die”). ==== Alternative forms ==== (since 2019) hon ==== Noun ==== hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane) back part of a log that might still be used as a plank === Etymology 3 === From Old Norse húnar, húnir pl. ==== Noun ==== hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane) a Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe from Central Asia) Synonym: hunar === References === “hun”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016 == Old Danish == === Etymology === From Old Norse hón. === Pronoun === hun she / it (feminine nominative pronoun) ==== Descendants ==== Danish: hun == Old English == === Etymology === Unclear. Possibly a shortening of hund (“dog”) or from Old Norse hunn (“bear cub”). === Noun === hun m a common element in given names === References === Elizabeth Okasha (2011), Women's Names in Old English, London, England: Routledge, page 65 == Old Galician-Portuguese == === Article === hun alternative form of ũu == Old High German == === Proper noun === hun manuscript spelling of Hūn, nominative singular of Hūni == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from French Huns, from Latin Hunni. === Noun === hun m (plural huni) Hun ==== Declension ==== == Tetum == === Etymology === From *pun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, compare Malay pohon. === Noun === hun bottom, base beginning origin == Vietnamese == === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [hun˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [hun˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [hʊwŋ͡m˧˧] === Etymology 1 === Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial *u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare rún vs. rốn, thúi vs. thối. ==== Verb ==== hun • (㖧) Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hôn (“to kiss”) ===== Usage notes ===== The Northern form with [o] is pretty much never used in daily speech by speakers of Central and Southern dialects, although they might choose to use it in formal writing. ===== Synonyms ===== thơm, hôn, chu, chụt, mi === Etymology 2 === Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 熏 (SV: huân). ==== Verb ==== hun • (焝, 熏, 燻) to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke) ===== Derived terms ===== === Anagrams === nhu == Welsh == === Pronunciation === (North Wales) IPA(key): /hɨːn/ (South Wales) IPA(key): /hiːn/ === Etymology 1 === Lexicalised h-prothesised form of un. ==== Pronoun ==== hun (with possessive determiner) self Synonym: hunan fy hun ― myself ei hun ― himself, herself ein hun ― ourselves (with possessive determiner preceding both itself and the noun) own Synonym: hunan fy ngeiriau fy hun ― my own words ei syniad ei hun ― his/her own idea ein cartref ein hun ― our own home ==== Usage notes ==== Hun tends to be more common in the north and synonymous hunan in the south, although plural hunain is also found in north at times. ==== Personal forms ==== ==== Numeral ==== hun h-prothesized form of un ei hun ei hun ― her own (one) (Compare: ei un ei hun ― his own (one)) ==== Mutation ==== === Etymology 2 === From Proto-Brythonic *hʉn, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep”). ==== Noun ==== hun f (plural hunau, not mutable) sleep ===== Derived terms ===== anhun (“wakefulness”) di-hun (“awake”) hunllef (“nightmare”) huno (“to sleep”) === References === R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “hun”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies == Yoruba == === Etymology 1 === Cognate with Yoruba sùn. ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /hũ̀/ ==== Verb ==== hùn (Ikalẹ, Ilajẹ) to sleep Kítà é hùn. ― The dog is sleeping. ===== Derived terms ===== àìhùn (“sleeplessness”) === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /hũ̄/ ==== Verb ==== hun to weave Mo fẹ́ hun aṣọ òfì wọn, fún ayẹyẹ wọn, lọ́sẹ̀ tó ń bọ̀. ― I want to weave their clothes, for their celebration, this upcoming week ===== Derived terms ===== ahunṣọ (“weaver”) == Yucatec Maya == === Numeral === hun obsolete spelling of jun