helvus

== Latin == === Etymology === Disputed. De Vaan posits a derivation from Proto-Italic *heliwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-i-wó-s, itself from the addition of *-wos to *ǵʰolh₃-i-s, which is attested in Sanskrit हरि (hari). Nussbaum argues that the term must come from a pre-form *helVwos and would have emerged via the syncopation of the segment *-lVw- (compare Latin solvō, from *seluō). Furthermore, Nussbaum specifies that the pre-form must have been *heliwos at the time /l/ was velarized throughout Latin, as an alternative form would have—according to Nussbaum—evolved into *heɫw- following velarization and then into *holw-, as /eɫ/ evolved into /oɫ/ in initial syllables (compare *welō > volō). Sihler proposes a pre-form *hellwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ghelswo-. Sihler compares the term to Lithuanian gel̃svas, although De Vaan considers the Proto-Indo-European form posited by Sihler to be uncertain, as the only cognate—the Lithuanian term—could have been formed by a productive suffix within Lithuanian. In both proposals, the term ultimately originates from the root *ǵʰelh₃-. It has also been suggested the term is a borrowing from the Sabellic languages. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈhɛɫ.wʊs] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɛl.vus] === Adjective === helvus (feminine helva, neuter helvum); first/second-declension adjective (of cattle) dun, yellow dun ==== Declension ==== First/second-declension adjective. ==== Derived terms ==== helvolus helvius helvella Helvius ==== Descendants ==== → Italian: elvo ==== See also ==== === References === “helvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “helvus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 41 Alan J. Nussbaum (1 January 1999), *Jocidus: an account of the Latin adjectives in -idus‎[1], page 386